Editing Ultraviolet (section)

===Short-wave ultraviolet lamps===
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| image1 = Germicidal Lamp 1.jpg
| caption1 = 9&nbsp;watt germicidal UV bulb, in compact fluorescent (CF) form factor
| image2 = Кварцевая лампа.JPG
| caption2 = Commercial germicidal lamp in butcher shop
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Shortwave UV lamps are made using a [[fluorescent lamp]] tube with no phosphor coating, composed of [[fused quartz]] or [[vycor]], since ordinary glass absorbs UVC. These lamps emit ultraviolet light with two peaks in the UVC band at 253.7&nbsp;nm and 185&nbsp;nm due to the [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] within the lamp, as well as some visible light. From 85% to 90% of the UV produced by these lamps is at 253.7&nbsp;nm, whereas only 5–10% is at 185&nbsp;nm.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rodrigues |first1=Sueli |last2=Fernandes |first2=Fabiano Andre Narciso |title=Advances in Fruit Processing Technologies |date=18 May 2012 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4398-5153-1 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XyXOBQAAQBAJ |language=en |access-date=22 October 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305221819/https://books.google.com/books?id=XyXOBQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> The fused quartz tube passes the 253.7&nbsp;nm radiation but blocks the 185&nbsp;nm wavelength. Such tubes have two or three times the UVC power of a regular fluorescent lamp tube. These low-pressure lamps have a typical efficiency of approximately 30–40%, meaning that for every 100&nbsp;watts of electricity consumed by the lamp, they will produce approximately 30–40&nbsp;watts of total UV output. They also emit bluish-white visible light, due to mercury's other spectral lines. These "germicidal" lamps are used extensively for disinfection of surfaces in laboratories and food-processing industries.<ref>Minkin, J. L., & Kellerman, A. S. (1966). A bacteriological method of estimating effectiveness of UV germicidal lamps. Public Health Reports, 81(10), 875.</ref>