Editing Tuberculosis (section)

=== Extrapulmonary ===
{{Main|Extrapulmonary tuberculosis}}
In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB.<ref>{{cite book| veditors = Jindal SK |title=Textbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-93-5025-073-0|page=549|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvGTw3wn-zEC&pg=PA549|year=2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185434/https://books.google.com/books?id=EvGTw3wn-zEC&pg=PA549|archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> These are collectively denoted as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.<ref name="Golden-2005">{{cite journal | vauthors = Golden MP, Vikram HR | title = Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 72 | issue = 9 | pages = 1761–68 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16300038 }}</ref> Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in people with a [[Immunosuppression|weakened immune system]] and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases.<ref name="Golden-2005"/> Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the [[Pleural cavity|pleura]] (in tuberculous pleurisy), the [[central nervous system]] (in [[tuberculous meningitis]]), the [[lymphatic system]] (in [[Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis|scrofula]] of the neck), the [[genitourinary system]] (in [[urogenital tuberculosis]]), and the [[bone]]s and joints (in [[Pott disease]] of the spine), among others. A potentially more serious, widespread form of TB is called "disseminated tuberculosis"; it is also known as [[miliary tuberculosis]].<ref name="Adkinson-2010"/> Miliary TB currently makes up about 10% of extrapulmonary cases.<ref name="Habermann-2008"/>

Symptoms of extrapulmonary TB usually include the general signs and symptoms as above, with additional symptoms related to the part of the body which is affected.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=Clinical Symptoms of Tuberculosis |url=https://www.cdc.gov/tb/hcp/clinical-signs-and-symptoms/index.html |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> [[Urogenital tuberculosis]], however, typically presents differently, as this manifestation most commonly appears decades after the resolution of pulmonary symptoms. Most patients with chronic urogenital TB do not have pulmonary symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Urogenital tuberculosis most commonly presents with urinary 'storage symptoms' such as increased frequency and/or urgency of urination, flank pain, [[hematuria]], and nonspecific symptoms such as fever and malaise.<ref name="Figueiredo-2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Figueiredo |first1=André A. |last2=Lucon |first2=Antônio M. |last3=Srougi |first3=Miguel |date=2017-02-24 |editor-last=Schlossberg |editor-first=David |title=Urogenital Tuberculosis |journal=Microbiology Spectrum |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0015-2016 |issn=2165-0497 |pmc=11687435 |pmid=28087922}}</ref>