Editing Tsar Bomba (section)

== Test results ==
The explosion of Tsar Bomba, according to the classification of [[nuclear explosion]]s, was an ultra-high-power low-air nuclear explosion.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

[[File:Tsar photo11.jpg|thumb|right|The [[mushroom cloud]] of Tsar Bomba seen from a distance of {{cvt|161|km}}. The crown of the [[cloud]] is {{cvt|65|km|mi}} high at the time of the picture. (source: Rosatom State Corporation Communications Department 20–08–2020)]]

* The flare was visible at a distance of more than {{cvt|1000|km}}.<ref name="vniief.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.vniief.ru/about/history/nextresearch/ |title=Дальнейшие разработки атомного оружия |access-date=10 December 2020}}</ref> It was observed in Norway, Greenland and Alaska.<ref name=Chernyshev/>
* The explosion's mushroom cloud rose to a height of {{cvt|67|km}}.<ref name="Veselov, A.V. 2006 7"/> The shape of the "hat" was two-tiered; the diameter of the upper tier was estimated at {{cvt|95|km}}, the lower tier at {{cvt|70|km}}. The cloud was observed {{cvt|800|km}} from the explosion site.<ref name=Chernyshev/>
* The blast wave circled the globe three times,<ref name=Chernyshev/> with the first one taking 36 hours and 27 minutes.<ref name="Книга рекордов Гиннесса, 1993">{{cite book |title=Книга рекордов Гиннесса 1993 |location=Москва−Лондон |year=1993 |pages=198 }}</ref>
* A seismic wave in the Earth's crust, generated by the shock wave of the explosion, circled the globe three times.<ref name="vniief.ru"/>
* The atmospheric pressure wave resulting from the explosion was recorded three times in New Zealand: the station in [[Wellington]] recorded an increase in pressure at 21:57, on 30 October, coming from the north-west, at 07:17 on 31 October, from the southeast, and at 09:16, on 1 November, from the northwest (all [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]), with amplitudes of {{cvt|0.6|mbar|lk=on}}, {{cvt|0.4|mbar}}, and {{cvt|0.2|mbar}} respectively. The average wave speed is estimated at {{cvt|303|m/s}}, or 9.9 degrees of the [[great circle]] per hour.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/193765a0 |title=Transit of Pressure Waves through New Zealand from the Soviet 50 Megaton Bomb Explosion |year=1962 |doi=10.1038/193765a0 |access-date=10 December 2020|last1=Farkas |first1=E. |journal=Nature |volume=193 |issue=4817 |pages=765–766 |bibcode=1962Natur.193..765F |s2cid=4286997 }}</ref>
* Glass shattered in windows {{cvt|780|km}} from the explosion in a village on [[Dikson Island]].<ref name=Chernyshev/>
* The sound wave generated by the explosion reached Dikson Island, but there are no reports of destruction or damage to structures even in the [[urban-type settlement]] of [[Amderma]], which is {{cvt|520|km}} to the landfall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iss.niiit.ru/sssr2/4_4.htm |title=ЯДЕРНЫЕ ИСПЫТАНИЯ СССР том II |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707043631/http://www.iss.niiit.ru/sssr2/4_4.htm |access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=7 July 2007 }}</ref>
* Ionization of the atmosphere caused interference to radio communications even hundreds of kilometers from the test site for about 40 minutes.<ref>{{cite book|author=Широкорад, А. Б. |title=Вооружение советской авиации 1941–1991}}</ref> 
* Radioactive contamination of the experimental field with a radius of {{cvt|2|–|3|km}} in the [[hypocenter]] area was no more than 1 [[Roentgen (unit)|milliroentgen]] / hour. The testers appeared at the explosion site 2 hours later; radioactive contamination posed practically no danger to the test participants.<ref name=Chernyshev/>
*In the Norwegian border village of [[Kiberg]], fishermen reported injured [[cod]], and border guards reported having contracted [[cancer]] in large numbers over the following years, though the latter was never confirmed as being as a result of the bomb.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/xl/tsar-bomben-ble-sprengt-bare-80-mil-fra-vardo-1.14588347|title=– Pappa lurte på hvordan det skulle gå med oss når Sovjet sprengte atombomber 80 mil unna|language=nb|date=27 November 2019|access-date=3 January 2024|publisher=[[NRK]]}}</ref>

All buildings in the village of Severny, both wooden and brick, located {{cvt|55|km}} from ground zero within the Sukhoy Nos test range, were destroyed. In districts hundreds of kilometres from ground zero, wooden houses were destroyed; stone ones lost their roofs, windows, and doors; and radio communications were interrupted for almost one hour. One participant in the test saw a bright flash through dark goggles and felt the effects of a thermal pulse at a distance of {{cvt|270|km}}. The heat from the [[explosion]] could have caused [[Burn|third-degree burns]] {{cvt|100|km}} away from ground zero. A shock wave was observed in the air at [[Dikson (urban-type settlement)|Dikson settlement]] {{cvt|700|km}} away; windowpanes were partially broken for distances up to {{convert|900|km}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Ivan, The Tsar Bomba ("King of Bombs") |url=http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/TsarBomba.html |date=4 September 2007 |access-date=12 June 2014}}</ref> [[Atmospheric focusing]] caused blast damage at even greater distances, breaking windows in Norway and Finland.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41140491 |title=The most powerful nuclear blasts ever |work=BBC News |date=3 September 2017 |access-date= 5 December 2020}}</ref> Despite being detonated {{cvt|4.2|km|0}} above ground, its [[body wave magnitude|seismic body wave magnitude]] was estimated at 5.0–5.25.<ref name=ctbto/><ref name="nuclearweaponarchive">{{cite web |url=http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/TsarBomba.html |title=The Tsar Bomba ("King of Bombs") |publisher=Nuclear Weapons Archive |quote=Despite being exploded in the atmosphere, it generated substantial seismic signals. According to a bulletin of the U.S. Geological Survey it had seismic magnitude ''m''<sub>b</sub> = 5.0 to 5.25&nbsp;. ... from fireball radius scaling laws, one would expect the fireball to reach down and engulf the ground ... In fact, the shock wave reaches the ground ... and bounces upward, striking the bottom of the fireball, preventing actual contact with the ground. |access-date=10 October 2010}}</ref>