Editing Trondheim (section)

== Cityscape and sites ==
Most of Trondheim's city centre is scattered with small speciality shops. However, the city centre's main shopping area is concentrated around the pedestrianised streets ''Nordre gate'' ({{langx|en|Northern street}}), ''Olav Tryggvasons gate'' and ''Thomas Angells gate'' even though the rest of the city centre is provided with everything from old, well-established companies to new, hip and trendy shops.
[[File:TrondheimFromRoofOfNidarosdomen-improved.jpg|thumb|right|Central Trondheim as seen from the tower of the Nidaros Cathedral looking towards [[Trondheim Fjord]] and [[Munkholmen]] Island]]
[[File:Torvet i Trondheim, 2020.jpg|thumb|left|The city's central square (Torvet) in 2020]]
[[File:Bakklandet in Trondheim 4.jpg|thumb|right|The pavement cafes at Bakklandet]]
[[File:Trondheim-Drone-20160722-009.jpg|thumb|left|Bakke Bridge]]
In the mid-to-late 1990s, the area surrounding the old [[drydock]] and ship construction buildings of the defunct [[Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted]] shipbuilding company at the [[Nedre Elvehavn]] was renovated and old industrial buildings were torn down to make way for condominiums. A shopping centre was also built, known as Solsiden (The Sunny Side). This is a popular residential and shopping area, especially for young people.

Larger multi-mall shopping areas are located in the eastern suburb of Lade along the ''Haakon VIIs gate'' and ''Bromstadvegen'' streets, and in the southern suburb of Tiller. Swedish store chains are widely present throughout the areas, especially in the DIY and clothing store fields, including [[IKEA]], [[Biltema]], and [[Clas Ohlson]].

[[DORA 1]] is a [[U-boat|German submarine]] base that housed the [[13th U-boat Flotilla]] during the Second World War occupation of Norway. Today the bunker houses various archives, among them the city archives, the university and state archives. More recently, DORA has been used as a concert venue.

[[Kristiansten Fortress]], built 1681–1684, is located on a hill east of Trondheim. It repelled the invading [[Sweden|Swedes]] in 1718, but was decommissioned in 1816 by Crown Prince Regent [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles John]].

A [[Olav Tryggvason (statue)|statue of Olav Tryggvason]], the founder of Trondheim, is located in the city's central square, mounted on top of an obelisk. The statue base is also a [[sun dial]], but it is calibrated to UTC+1 so that the reading is inaccurate by one hour in the summer.

The islet Munkholmen is a popular tourist attraction and recreation site. The islet has served as a place of execution, a [[monastery]], a [[fortress]], [[prison]], and a Second World War [[anti-aircraft]] gun station.

[[Stiftsgården]] is the royal residence in Trondheim, originally constructed in 1774 by [[Cecilie Christine Schøller]]. At 140 rooms constituting {{convert|4000|m2|0}}, it is possibly the largest wooden building in [[Northern Europe]] and has been used by royals and their guests since 1800.

A statue of [[Leif Ericson]] is located at the seaside, close to the old Customs Building, the cruise ship facilities and the new swimming hall. The statue is a replica, the original being located at a Seattle [[marina]].

[[File:Edificios a lo largo del río Nidelva, Trondheim, Noruega, 2019-09-06, DD 46-50 PAN.jpg|thumb|center|750px|The [[Nidelva]] flows through Trondheim with old storehouses flanking both sides of this river. The [[Old Town Bridge]] can be seen on the right side of this panorama.]]
=== Nidaros Cathedral ===
The [[Nidaros Cathedral]] and the Archbishop's Palace are located side by side in the middle of the city centre. The cathedral, built from 1070 on, is the most important [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] monument in Norway and was Northern Europe's most important Christian [[pilgrimage]] site during the Middle Ages,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pilgrim ways in Norway, background |url=http://www.trondheim.com/content.ap?thisId=5510350 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823122445/http://www.trondheim.com/content.ap?thisId=5510350 |archive-date=23 August 2007 |access-date=4 August 2007 |publisher=Trondheim kommune}}</ref> with pilgrimage routes leading to it from [[Oslo]] in southern Norway and from the [[Jämtland]] and [[Värmland]] regions of Sweden. Today, it is the northernmost medieval cathedral in the world, and the second-largest in [[Scandinavia]].
[[File:Nidaros cathedral front.jpg|thumb|West front of [[Nidaros Cathedral]]]]
During the Middle Ages, and again after independence was restored in 1814, the Nidaros Cathedral was the [[coronation]] church of the Norwegian kings. [[Haakon VII of Norway|King Haakon VII]] was the last monarch to be crowned there, in 1906. Starting with [[Olav V of Norway|King Olav V]] in 1957, coronation was replaced by [[consecration]]. In 1991, the present [[Harald V of Norway|King Harald V]] and [[Queen Sonja of Norway|Queen Sonja]] were consecrated in the cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The consecration of King Harald and Queen Sonja |url=http://www.kongehuset.no/c27283/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28740 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927192757/http://www.kongehuset.no/c27283/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28740 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 August 2007 |publisher=The Norwegian Royal Family}}</ref> On 24 May 2002, their daughter [[Princess Märtha Louise of Norway|Princess Märtha Louise]] married the writer [[Ari Behn]] in the cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The wedding of Princess Märtha Louise |url=http://www.kongehuset.no/c28617/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28747 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043348/http://www.kongehuset.no/c28617/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28747 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=3 August 2007 |publisher=The Norwegian Royal Family}}</ref>

The [[Pilgrim's Route]] (''Pilegrimsleden'') to the site of Saint Olufs's tomb at [[Nidaros]] Cathedral, has recently been re-instated. Also known as St. Olav's Way, (''Sankt Olavs vei''), the main route, which is approximately {{convert|640|km}} long, starts in [[Oslo]] and heads North, along Lake [[Mjøsa]], up the valley [[Gudbrandsdalen]], over the mountain range [[Dovrefjell]] and down the [[Oppdal Municipality|Oppdal]] valley to end at [[Nidaros Cathedral]] in Trondheim. There is a Pilgrim's Office in Oslo which gives advice to pilgrims and a Pilgrim Centre in Trondheim, under the [[aegis]] of the cathedral, which awards certificates to successful [[pilgrims]] upon the completion of their journey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pilegrimsleden (Miljøstatus i Norge) |url=http://www.miljostatus.no/Tema/Kulturminner/Kulturmiljoer/Pilegrimsleden/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317032509/http://www.miljostatus.no/Tema/Kulturminner/Kulturmiljoer/Pilegrimsleden/ |archive-date=17 March 2009 |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Raju |first=Alison |title=The Pilgrim Road to Nidaros: St Olav's Way – Oslo to Trondheim |publisher=Cicerone Press Limited |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-85284-314-4}}</ref>

=== Other churches ===
The Lutheran [[Church of Norway]] has 21 churches within the municipality of Trondheim. They are all a part of the [[Diocese of Nidaros]], which is based in Trondheim at the [[Nidaros Cathedral]]. Many of the churches are several hundred years old, with a couple which were built almost 1,000 years ago.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ style="font-size:medium"|'''''Lutheran Churches in Trondheim'''''
!Deanery<br />(''Prosti'')!!Parish<br />(''Sokn'')!!Church name!!Year built!!Location
|-
|rowspan="5"|Nidaros||rowspan="2"|Nidaros Domkirke og Vår Frue||[[Nidaros Cathedral]]||1070–1300||[[Midtbyen, Trondheim|Midtbyen]]
|-
|[[Vår Frue Church]]||1200||[[Midtbyen, Trondheim|Midtbyen]]
|-
|Bakklandet||[[Bakke Church (Trondheim)|Bakke Church]]||1715||Bakklandet
|-
|Lade||[[Lade Church]]||1190||[[Lade, Trondheim|Lade]]
|-
|Lademoen||[[Lademoen Church]]||1905||[[Lademoen]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|Byåsen||Byåsen||[[Byåsen Church]]||1974||[[Byåsen]]
|-
|Ilen||[[Ilen Church]]||1889||[[Ila, Trondheim|Ila]]
|-
|Sverresborg||[[Havstein Church]]||1857||[[Sverresborg]]
|-
|rowspan="5"|Heimdal||Byneset||[[Byneset Church]]||1180||[[Byneset]]
|-
|Heimdal||[[Heimdal Church]]||1960||[[Heimdal]]
|-
|Kolstad||[[Kolstad Church]]||1986||[[Kolstad, Trondheim|Kolstad]]
|-
|Leinstrand||[[Leinstrand Church]]||1673||[[Nypan, Norway|Nypan]]
|-
|Tiller||[[Tiller Church]]||1901||[[Tiller, Norway|Tiller]]
|-
|rowspan="8"|Strinda||Berg||[[Berg Church (Trondheim)|Berg Church]]||1972||Berg
|-
|Bratsberg||[[Bratsberg Church]]||1850||[[Bratsberg, Sør-Trøndelag|Bratsberg]]
|-
|Charlottenlund||[[Charlottenlund Church]]||1973||[[Charlottenlund, Trondheim|Charlottenlund]]
|-
|Hoeggen||[[Hoeggen Church]]||1997||[[Lerkendal, Trondheim|Lerkendal]]
|-
|Ranheim||[[Ranheim Church]]||1933||[[Ranheim]]
|-
|Strinda||[[Strinda Church]]||1900||[[Strinda]]
|-
|Strindheim||[[Strindheim Church]]||1979||[[Strindheim]]
|-
|Tempe||[[Tempe Church]]||1960||[[Lerkendal, Trondheim|Lerkendal]]
|}

The [[Roman Catholic]] [[St. Olav's Cathedral, Trondheim|Sankt Olav domkirke]] is the [[cathedral]] episcopal see of the exempt [[Territorial Prelature of Trondheim]]. Being located across the street from the Nidaros Cathedral, the two of them form an unofficial religious quarter along with a [[synagogue]], a Baptist church, a [[Salvation Army]] office, and the 8-auditorium [[Movie theater|cinema]] ''Prinsen kinosenter''.

=== Museums ===
[[Sverresborg]], also named [[Zion]] after [[King David]]'s castle in [[Jerusalem]], was a fortification built by [[Sverre Sigurdsson]]. It is now an open-air museum, consisting of more than 60 buildings. The castle was originally built in 1182–1183, but did not last for long as it was burned down in 1188. However, the [[Sverresaga]] indicates it had been restored by 1197.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Denham |first1=Sean Dexter |last2=Westling |first2=Sara |year=2015 |title=Osteologiske og paleobotaniske undersøkelser av skjelett og jordprøve fra Sverresborg, Trøndelag Folkemuseum, Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag |trans-title=Osteological & paleobotanical examinations of skeleton & soil sample from Sverresborg, Trøndelag Folkemuseum, Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag |url=https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2426308/2014_19_Sverresborg_Trondheim.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=live |journal=Oppdragsrapport |language=no |publisher=[[University of Stavanger|Universitetet i Stavanger]] |volume=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809192736/https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2426308/2014_19_Sverresborg_Trondheim.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=9 August 2020 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=October 2008}}

The Trondheim Science Center ({{langx|no|Vitensenteret i Trondheim}}) is a scientific hands-on experience center. The [[NTNU University Museum]] (Norwegian: NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet) is part of the [[Norwegian University of Science and Technology]]. There are also a variety of small history, science and [[natural history]] museums, such as the [[Trondheim Maritime Museum]], the ''Armoury'', adjacent to the Archbishops's Palace, Kristiansten Fortress, the music and musical instrument museum [[Ringve National Museum]], [[Ringve Botanical Garden]], the [[Trondheim Tramway Museum]], and the [[Jewish Museum of Trondheim|Jewish Museum]], co-located with the city's synagogue, which is among the northernmost in the world.

[[Rockheim]] ({{langx|no|Det nasjonale opplevelsessenteret for pop og rock}}, The National Discovery Center for Pop and Rock) opened at the Pier in August 2010. It is located inside an old warehouse, but characterised by an easily recognisable roof in the shape of a box. "The box" is decorated by thousands of tiny lights that change in a variety of colours and patterns, and is a landmark in the cityscape – especially on dark winter evenings.

=== Prison ===
Vollan District Jail ([[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]: ''Vollan kretsfengsel'') was a [[jail]] during the [[nazi occupation of Norway]] and was used to imprison both prisoners of war and criminals. Vollan was not considered a [[concentration camp]].<ref name=NOU1998/> In a summary of prisoners of war in Norway, numerous prisoners were registered at Vollan. One of its roles was as a [[Internment|transit camp]] for [[political prisoners]]. Many prisoners were taken from Vollan to [[Kristiansten Fortress]] and shot. The prisoners at Vollan were interrogated at the Mission Hotel in Trondheim.  Some were also interrogated by [[Henry Rinnan]] and his gang.<ref name="NOU1998">[http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/hod/dok/nouer/1998/nou-1998-12/26/7.html?id=375569 "11.7 Fangenskap i Norge"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203093420/http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/hod/dok/nouer/1998/nou-1998-12/26/7.html?id=375569 |date=3 February 2014 }}, ''NOU 1998: 12 Alta bataljon'', regjeringen.no.</ref> It was closed in 1971 after the opening of Trondheim Prison at Tunga.

Trondheim Prison (Norwegian: ''Trondheim fengsel'') is a prison that belongs to the Northern Region of the [[Norwegian Correctional Services]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trondheim Fengsel |url=http://www.kriminalomsorgen.no/trondheim-fengsel.5026298-237612.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229070543/http://www.kriminalomsorgen.no/trondheim-fengsel.5026298-237612.html |archive-date=29 December 2018 |access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref> The prison can house 184 [[inmates]].

It consists of four main departments: 
*Nermarka ("Tunga") – closed department
*Detention department (no: ''Forvaringsavdelingen'') at Nermarka
*Leira – open division.  Through joint positive activities, the individual inmate on certain conditions teaches to be responsible with other people.<ref>[http://www.krus.no/upload/PDF-dokumenter/LEIRA_hovedrapport.pdf Trondheim Prison dep. Leira, a study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907053526/http://www.krus.no/upload/PDF-dokumenter/LEIRA_hovedrapport.pdf |date=2012-09-07 }} in Norwegian</ref>
*division Kongens gt. – halfway house, located in downtown Trondheim.

===Wider urban area===
Trondheim forms the centre of the [[Trondheim Region]], and is a common commuting point for work, shopping, and healthcare. Although the official list of [[metropolitan regions of Norway]] defines the region very broadly, the area of two-way commuting where Trondheim residents too would head outwards for transport, shopping, and [[upper secondary school]]s, consists roughly of Trondheim, [[Malvik Municipality|Malvik]], downtown [[Stjørdal]] (incl. [[Værnes]]), downtown [[Melhus Municipality|Melhus]], [[Skaun Municipality|Skaun]], and the lower sections of [[Vanvikan]] in [[Indre Fosen]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2022 |title=15 000 Trondheims-pendlere |url=https://miljopakken.no/nyheter/15-000-trondheims-pendlere |access-date=29 December 2023 |publisher=Miljøpakken |language=nb}}</ref>