Editing Tromelin Island (section)

===Sovereignty claims===
Tromelin is administered as part of the [[French Southern and Antarctic Lands]], a [[Overseas territory (France)|French Overseas Territory]], but [[Mauritius]] claims sovereignty over the island despite its absence in the listing of the 8th article of the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|1814 Treaty of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)#ART.VIII |title=Treaty of Paris |date=1814 |at=Art.&nbsp;VIII |quote=«''His Britannic majesty stipulating for himself and his allies, engages to restore to his most Christian majesty, within the term which shall be hereafter fixed, the colonies, fisheries, factories, and establishments of every kind, which were possessed by France on the 1&nbsp;January 1792, in the seas and on the continents of America, Africa, and Asia, with the exception however of the islands of Tobago and St.&nbsp;Lucie, and of the Isle of France and its dependencies, especially Rodrigues and Les Sechelles, which several colonies and possessions his most Christian majesty cedes in full right and sovereignty to his Britannic majesty, and also the portion of St.&nbsp;Domingo ceded to France by the treaty of Basle, and which his most Christian majesty restores in full right and sovereignty to his Catholic majesty''»}}</ref> Indeed, the treaty does not specifically mention all the dependencies of Mauritius, which leads to uncertainty on the sovereignty of Tromelin, and the official text was that written in French. During the [[British Mauritius|British period of Mauritius]], France administered the island as a dependency of the [[regions of France|region]] of [[Réunion]] and built infrastructure without British protest. France and Mauritius have been negotiating for years in regard to the possible establishment of a [[Condominium (international law)|condominium]] over the island. In 2010, Mauritius and France reached an agreement on the co-management of Tromelin, without prejudice to the sovereignty of Mauritius over Tromelin.

The French claim to sovereignty dates from 29&nbsp;November 1776,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taaf.fr/spip/spip.php?article314 |title=Ce n'est que quinze ans plus tard, le 29&nbsp;novembre 1776, que le chevalier de Tromelin récupérera huit esclaves survivants : sept femmes et un enfant de huit mois. Le pavillon français fut planté sur l'île qui fut ainsi nommée Tromelin en hommage à ce chevalier |via=archive.org |access-date=2017-08-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131101103/http://www.taaf.fr/spip/spip.php?article314 |archive-date=2012-01-31}}</ref> the date that the ship ''Dauphine'' arrived.

The Mauritian claim to sovereignty is based on the fact that the island must have been ceded to [[United Kingdom]] by the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|treaty of Paris in 1814]] and should not continue to be administered by France as a dependency of [[Réunion]].

The [[United Nations]] never recognized the Mauritian sovereignty over Tromelin. In 1954, France constructed a meteorological station and a landing strip on the island.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Jonathan I. |last1=Charney |first2=David A. |last2=Colson |first3=Lewis M. |last3=Alexander |title=International Maritime Boundaries |year=2005 |page=3463 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=9004144617 }}</ref>

It is a matter of dispute whether the building agreement transferred sovereignty of Tromelin from one to the other, and Mauritius claims the island as part of its territory, on the grounds that France did not retain its sovereignty over the island in 1814, which was ''de facto'' part of the colony of Mauritius at the time of independence.<ref>{{cite book |first=Vivian Louis |last=Forbes |title=The maritime boundaries of the Indian Ocean region |year=1995 |page=110 |publisher=Singapore University Press |isbn=9971691892 }}</ref> Indeed, as early as 1959, even before independence, Mauritius informed the [[World Meteorological Organization]] that it considered Tromelin to be part of its territory.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Dennis |last1=Rumley |first2=Sanjay |last2=Chaturvedi |first3=Vijay |last3=Sakhuja |title=Fisheries Exploitation in the Indian Ocean: Threats and Opportunities |year=2010 |page=123 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=9789812309860 }}</ref> A co-management treaty was reached by France and Mauritius in 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lequotidien.re/opinion/le-courrier-des-lecteurs/116747-tromelin-la-reunion-spectatrice-et-spoliee.html |title=Tromelin : La Réunion, spectatrice et spoliée |publisher=Lequotidien.re |access-date=15 December 2011 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010191415/http://www.lequotidien.re/opinion/le-courrier-des-lecteurs/116747-tromelin-la-reunion-spectatrice-et-spoliee.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> but has not been ratified.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/mauritius/|title = Mauritius}}</ref>

Tromelin has an [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] (EEZ) of {{convert|280,000|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, contiguous with that of [[Réunion]]. The island's autonomous [[weather station]], which warns of [[cyclone]]s, is still operated by France and is supported by personnel from the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (TAAF). Staff are rotated every three months through resupply missions mounted from Réunion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/actualites/lastrolabe-assure-soutien-releve-tromelin |title=L'Astrolabe assure le soutien et la relève de Tromelin |website=Marine Nationale |date=24 June 2024 |access-date=26 June 2024 }}</ref>