Editing Transportation in Canada (section)

==Waterways==
[[Image:PortOVan.jpg|thumb|The [[Port of Vancouver]], Canada's busiest port]]
{{See also|Category:Water transport in Canada}}
In 2005, {{convert|139.2|e6t|e6LT e6ST|abbr=off}} of cargo was loaded and unloaded at Canadian ports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/trad51a.htm |title=Domestic and international cargo, tonnage loaded and unloaded by water transport, by province and territory. |access-date=April 4, 2008 |publisher=Statistics Canada |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080329204334/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/trad51a.htm |archive-date = March 29, 2008}}</ref> The [[Port of Vancouver]] is the busiest port in Canada, moving {{convert|68|e6t|e6LT e6ST|abbr=off}} or 15% of Canada's total in domestic and international shipping in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www41.statcan.ca/2006/4006/ceb4006_001_e.htm |title=Vancouver: Canada's busiest port |access-date=April 9, 2008 |author=Statistics Canada |publisher=Statistics Canada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706203734/http://www41.statcan.ca/2006/4006/ceb4006_001_e.htm |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref>

Transport Canada oversees most of the regulatory functions related to marine registration,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/CES/Small-Commercial-Vessels/SVMIP-upto15.htm |title=Small Vessel Monitoring & Inspection Program |access-date=October 1, 2007 |author=Transport Canada |publisher=Transport Canada |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070913212748/http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/CES/Small-Commercial-Vessels/SVMIP-upto15.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = September 13, 2007}}</ref> safety of large vessel,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/oep/inspection/psc/menu.htm |title=Port State Control |access-date=October 1, 2007 |author=Transport Canada |publisher=Transport Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014024149/http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/oep/inspection/psc/menu.htm |archive-date=October 14, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and port [[Maritime pilot|pilotage]] duties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/mpsp/menu.htm |title=Marine Personnel Standards and Pilotage |access-date=October 1, 2007 |author=Transport Canada |publisher=Transport Canada}}</ref> Many of Canada's port facilities are in the process of being divested from federal responsibility to other agencies or municipalities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/Programs/Ports/menu.htm |title=Airport and Port Programs |access-date=October 1, 2007 |author=Transport Canada |publisher=Transport Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111084507/http://www.tc.gc.ca/programs/ports/menu.htm |archive-date=November 11, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Inland waterways comprise {{convert|3000|km|abbr=on}}, including the St. Lawrence Seaway. Transport Canada enforces acts and regulations governing water transportation and safety.<ref>{{cite web | title = Marine Acts and Regulations | work = Transport Canada | publisher = Government of Canada | url = http://www.tc.gc.ca/acts-regulations/marine/menu.htm | access-date = January 18, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080115201221/http://www.tc.gc.ca/acts-regulations/marine/menu.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = January 15, 2008}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|+Container traffic in Canadian ports, 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/PDFs/2006_North_American_Container_Traffic.pdf |title=North American Port Container Traffic 2006 |access-date=March 23, 2009 |author=AAPA |author-link=American Association of Port Authorities |date=May 14, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219193825/http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/PDFs/2006%5FNorth%5FAmerican%5FContainer%5FTraffic.pdf |archive-date=December 19, 2008 }}</ref>
|-
!Rank||Port||Province||[[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]]||Boxes||[[Containerization|Containerized cargo]] ([[tonne]]s)
|-
|1||[[Port of Vancouver|Vancouver]]||[[British Columbia]]||align="right"|2,207,730||align="right"|1,282,807||align="right"|17,640,024
|-
|2||[[Port of Montreal|Montreal]]||[[Quebec]]||align="right"|1,288,910||align="right"|794,735||align="right"|11,339316
|-
|3|| [[Port of Halifax|Halifax]]||[[Nova Scotia]]||align="right"|530,722||align="right"|311,065||align="right"|4,572,020
|-
|4|| [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]]||[[Newfoundland and Labrador]]||align="right"|118,008||align="right"|55,475||align="right"|512,787
|-
|5|| [[Fraser River]]||British Columbia|| align="right" |94,651||align="right"|''N/A''||align="right"|742,783
|-
|6|| [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]]||[[New Brunswick]]||align="right"|44,566||align="right"|24,982||align="right"|259,459
|-
|7|| [[Toronto Harbour|Toronto]]||[[Ontario]]||align="right"|24,585||align="right"|24,585||align="right"|292,834
|}
[[File:Spirit of vi 3.jpg|thumb|right|{{MV|Spirit of Vancouver Island}} en route to the [[Tsawwassen ferry terminal]] from the [[Swartz Bay ferry terminal]]]]

===Ferry services===
{{See also|Category:Ferries of Canada}}
*Passenger ferry service
**[[Vancouver Island]] and surrounding islands and peninsulas to the [[British Columbia]] mainland<ref>{{Cite web|title=Discover Our Routes {{!}} BC Ferries|url=https://www.bcferries.com/routes-fares/discover-route-map|access-date=August 19, 2021|website=www.bcferries.com|language=en}}</ref>
**Several [[Sunshine Coast, British Columbia|Sunshine Coast]] communities to the British Columbia mainland and to Alaska
**Internationally to [[Transportation in Saint Pierre and Miquelon|St. Pierre and Miquelon]]
*[[Roll-on/roll-off|Automobile ferry]] service
**[[Nova Scotia]] to [[Newfoundland and Labrador]]
**[[Quebec]] to Newfoundland across the [[Strait of Belle Isle]]
**Labrador to Newfoundland
**Chandler to the Magdalen Islands, Quebec
**Prince Edward Island to the Magdalen Islands, Quebec
**Prince Edward Island to Nova Scotia
**Digby, Nova Scotia, to Saint John, New Brunswick
[[Image:Welland Canal Lock 1 Port Weller 1.jpg|thumb|Welland Canal, Port Weller, Lock #1]]

===Canals===
{{See also|List of canals of Canada}}
The main route canals of Canada are those of the [[St. Lawrence River]] and the [[Great Lakes]]. The others are subsidiary canals.
* [[St. Lawrence Seaway]]
* [[Welland Canal]]
* [[Soo Locks]]
* [[Trent-Severn Waterway]]
* [[Rideau Canal]]

===Ports and harbours===
{{See also|Category:Port settlements in Canada}}
The [[National Harbours Board]] administered Halifax, Saint John, Chicoutimi, Trois-Rivières, Churchill, and Vancouver until 1983. At one time, over 300 harbours across Canada were supervised by the Department of Transport.<ref name="Year"/>  A program of divestiture was implemented around the turn of the millennium, and as of 2014, 493 of the 549 sites identified for divestiture in 1995 have been sold or otherwise transferred,<ref name="actionplan">{{cite web|url=http://actionplan.gc.ca/en/initiative/strengthening-canadas-port-system|website=actionplan.gc.ca|title=actionplan.gc.ca: "Strengthening Canada's Port System|access-date=2021-01-11}}</ref> as indicated by a DoT list.<ref>[http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/ports-deproclamationnotice2%281%29-1111.htm tc.gc.ca: "Deproclamation Notice Subsection 2(1)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815161623/http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/ports-deproclamationnotice2%281%29-1111.htm |date=August 15, 2016 }}</ref> The government maintains an active divestiture programme,<ref name="tc">{{cite web|url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/ports-menu-1127.htm|website=tc.gc.ca|title=tc.gc.ca: "Port Programs|access-date=January 11, 2021}}</ref> and after divestiture [[Transport Canada]] oversees only 17 Canada Port Authorities for the 17 largest shipping ports.<ref name="tc_ports">{{cite web|url=http://www.tc.gc.ca/programs/ports/index.htm|title=Ports|publisher=[[Transport Canada]]|access-date=February 2, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303202248/http://www.tc.gc.ca/programs/ports/index.htm|archive-date=March 3, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303202248/http://www.tc.gc.ca/programs/ports/index.htm tc.gc.ca: "Ports"], archive.org March 3, 2009</ref>
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====Pacific coast====
*[[Victoria Harbour (British Columbia)|Victoria]], British Columbia
*[[Vancouver Fraser Port Authority|Vancouver]], British Columbia
*[[Prince Rupert Port Authority|Prince Rupert]], British Columbia

====Atlantic coast====
*[[Port of Halifax|Halifax]], Nova Scotia
*[[Port of Saint John|Saint John]], New Brunswick
*[[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador]]
*[[Sept-Îles, Quebec]]
*[[Sydney, Nova Scotia]]
*[[Botwood]], Newfoundland and Labrador
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====Arctic coast====
*[[Port of Churchill|Churchill]], Manitoba
[[Image:Churchill Seaport 1996-08-12.jpg|thumb|[[Churchill, Manitoba]] Seaport]]

====Great Lakes and St Lawrence River====
*[[Bécancour, Quebec]]
*[[Hamilton-Oshawa Port Authority|Hamilton]], Ontario
*[[Port of Montreal|Montreal]], Quebec
*[[Port of Quebec|Quebec City]], Quebec
*[[Trois-Rivières]], Quebec
*[[Thunder Bay Port Authority|Thunder Bay]], Ontario
*[[PortsToronto|Toronto]], Ontario
*[[Windsor, Ontario]]
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===Merchant marine===
{{Further|Canadian Merchant Navy}}
<!--see the 1934 to 1935 Canada Yearbook-->
Canada's merchant marine comprised a ''total'' of 173 ships ({{GT|1000|metric|disp=long}} or over) {{GT|2,129,243|metric}} or {{DWT|716,340|metric|disp=long}} at the end of 2007.<ref name="CIA Factbook"/>