Editing Transphobia (section)

==={{anchor|Misgendering and exclusion}}Misgendering===
{{See also|Deadnaming}}
[[File:Autobús transfobo de HazteOir 06.jpg|thumb|Bus with transphobic message promoted by the right-wing organization [[HazteOir]]. Top text in Spanish translates to "Boys have a penis. Girls have a vulva. Don't let them deceive you. If you're born a man, you are a man. If you're a woman, you'll keep being one."]]
Misgendering is the act of labelling or referring to others with a gender that does not match their gender identity.<ref name="Serano2009">{{cite book|author=Julia Serano|title=Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/hypatia/article/abs/whipping-girl-a-transsexual-woman-on-sexism-and-the-scapegoating-of-femininity-julia-serano-emery-calif-seal-press-2007/868809CB60F88E0E37943B37338F2988|date=20 May 2009|publisher=Seal Press|via=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-7867-4791-7|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227152807/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/hypatia/article/abs/whipping-girl-a-transsexual-woman-on-sexism-and-the-scapegoating-of-femininity-julia-serano-emery-calif-seal-press-2007/868809CB60F88E0E37943B37338F2988|access-date=1 January 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Misgendering can be deliberate or accidental; common examples of misgendering a person are using the wrong pronouns to describe someone,<ref name="Bender-Baird-2011">{{Cite book|title = Transgender Employment Experiences: Gendered Perceptions and the Law|last = Bender-Baird|first = Kyla|publisher = SUNY Press|year = 2011|isbn = 978-1438436746|pages = 5–24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = Transgender Explained For Those Who Are Not|last = Herman|first = Joanne|publisher = AuthorHouse|year = 2009|isbn = 978-1449029579|pages = 50–51}}</ref> calling a person "ma'am" or "sir" in contradiction to the person's gender identity,<ref>{{Cite book|title = Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender Communities (Haworth Gay & Lesbian Studies)|last = DeCecco|first = John|publisher = Routledge|year = 2012|isbn = 978-0789004635|location = New Jersey}}</ref> using a person's previous, pre-transition name for them in place of their current name ("deadnaming"),<ref name="Bender-Baird-2011"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Meredith Ramirez |last=Talusan |title=What 'deadnaming' means, and why you shouldn't do it to Caitlyn Jenner |work=Fusion |date=4 June 2015 |url=http://fusion.net/story/144324/what-deadnaming-means-and-why-you-shouldnt-do-it-to-caitlyn-jenner/ |access-date=8 June 2015 |archive-date=7 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207090153/http://fusion.net/story/144324/what-deadnaming-means-and-why-you-shouldnt-do-it-to-caitlyn-jenner/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fae |first1=Jane |title= Changing your name should be a joyous moment, but for many it's a nightmare |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/19/changing-your-name-nightmare-trans |work=The Guardian |location= London |access-date=8 July 2015 |date=19 May 2015}}</ref> or insisting that a person must adhere to the norms of their sex assigned at birth rather than the ones that align with their gender identity; for example, using a bathroom designated for males even though the person identifies as female.<ref>{{cite journal |last= McLemore |first= Kevin |date= July 2014 |title=Experiences with Misgendering: Identity Misclassification of Transgender Spectrum Individuals |journal= Self and Identity |volume= 14 |issue=1 |pages= 51–74 |doi=10.1080/15298868.2014.950691 |s2cid= 145101341}}</ref>

The experience of being misgendered is common for all transgender people before they transition, and for many afterwards as well.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Sexual Deceit: The Ethics of Passing|last = Harrison|first = Kelby|publisher = Lexington Books|year = 2013|isbn = 978-0739177051|pages = 12}}</ref> Transgender people are regularly misgendered by doctors,<ref name="Cisgenderism" /> police, media, and peers, experiences that have been described as "mortifying",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cisgenderism in Medical Settings: Challenging Structural Violence Through Collaborative Partnerships |url=http://ansaraonline.com.p8.hostingprod.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Chapter_Seven_Ansara_with_Reference.19690148.pdf|last = Ansara |first = Y. Gavriel |access-date = 20 September 2013|page = 95|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227155545/http://ansaraonline.com.p8.hostingprod.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Chapter_Seven_Ansara_with_Reference.19690148.pdf}}</ref> cruel,<ref name="Di Menna-2013">{{Cite news|title = Gender Block: Media misgendering and Chelsea Manning|date = 16 September 2013|url = http://this.org/blog/2013/09/16/gender-block-media-misgendering-and-chelsea-manning/|last = Di Menna|first = Hillary |work= This Magazine}}</ref> and "only making our lives harder".<ref>{{Cite news|title = The happy story of my transgender coming-out |date=23 August 2013 |url= http://www.salon.com/2013/08/23/the_happy_story_of_my_transgender_coming_out/|last = Molloy|first = Parker Marie |work= Salon magazine}}</ref> A 2018 study of 129 transgender and other gender-expansive youth published in the ''[[Journal of Adolescent Health]]'', found that "for each additional social context in which a youth's chosen name was used, there was a statistically significant decrease in depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviors,"<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Grossman|first1=Arnold H.|last2=Li|first2=Gu|last3=Pollitt|first3=Amanda M.|last4=Russell|first4=Stephen T.|date=1 October 2018|title=Chosen Name Use Is Linked to Reduced Depressive Symptoms, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicidal Behavior Among Transgender Youth|url=https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(18)30085-5/abstract|journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=503–505 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.003 |issn=1054-139X |pmc=6165713 |pmid=29609917}}</ref> though the study was "correlational so causality cannot be assumed, and the sample size was small."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vance|first=Stanley R.|date=1 October 2018|title=The Importance of Getting the Name Right for Transgender and Other Gender Expansive Youth|url=https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(18)30335-5/abstract|journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=379–380 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.07.022 |issn=1054-139X |pmid=30286897 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Deliberately misgendering a transgender person is considered extremely offensive by transgender individuals.<ref name="Shapiro-2013">{{cite news |last=Shapiro |first=Lila |date=28 August 2013 |title=Shouting Disrupts Vigil For Murdered Transgender Woman Islan Nettles |work=Huffington Post |url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/28/islan-nettles_n_3832004.html}}</ref><ref name="Di Menna-2013" />