Editing Transdifferentiation (section)

=== Mechanism of action ===

The transcription factors serve as a short term trigger to an irreversible process. The transdifferentiation liver cells observed 8 months after one single injection of pdx1.<ref name="nature.com"/>

The ectopic transcription factors turn off the host repertoire of gene expression in each of the cells. However, the alternate desired repertoire is being turned on only in a subpopulation of predisposed cells.<ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Meivar-Levy | first1 = I. 
| last2 = Sapir | first2 = T. 
| last3 = Gefen-Halevi | first3 = S. 
| last4 = Aviv | first4 = V. 
| last5 = Barshack | first5 = I. 
| last6 = Onaca | first6 = N. 
| last7 = Mor | first7 = E. 
| last8 = Ferber | first8 = S. 
| doi = 10.1002/hep.21766 
| title = Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 induces hepatic dedifferentiation by suppressing the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β 
| journal = Hepatology 
| volume = 46 
| issue = 3 
| pages = 898–905 
| year = 2007 
| pmid = 17705277 
| doi-access = free 
}}</ref> Despite the massive dedifferentiation – lineage tracing approach indeed demonstrates that transdifferentiation originates in adult cells.<ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Mauda-Havakuk | first1 = M. 
| last2 = Litichever | first2 = N. 
| last3 = Chernichovski | first3 = E. 
| last4 = Nakar | first4 = O. 
| last5 = Winkler | first5 = E. 
| last6 = Mazkereth | first6 = R. 
| last7 = Orenstein | first7 = A. 
| last8 = Bar-Meir | first8 = E. 
| last9 = Ravassard | first9 = P. 
| last10 = Meivar-Levy | first10 = I. 
| last11 = Ferber | first11 = S. 
| editor1-last = Linden 
| editor1-first = Rafael 
| title = Ectopic PDX-1 Expression Directly Reprograms Human Keratinocytes along Pancreatic Insulin-Producing Cells Fate 
| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0026298 
| journal = PLOS ONE 
| volume = 6 
| issue = 10 
| pages = e26298 
| year = 2011 
| pmid = 22028850 
| pmc =3196540 
| bibcode = 2011PLoSO...626298M 
| doi-access = free 
}}</ref>