Editing Trafalgar Square (section)

== Statues and monuments ==
{{Main|List of public art in Trafalgar Square and the vicinity}}

=== Plinths ===
[[File:Statue of Henry Havelock, October 2014 (15555081947).jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Statue of Henry Havelock, Trafalgar Square|statue of Sir Henry Havelock]] by [[William Behnes]]|alt=Sir Henry Havelock's statue]]
Barry's scheme provided two plinths for sculptures on the north side of the square.<ref name=gn>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/270_suggestions_for_trafalgar_squares_vacant/40121.html|title=Suggestions for Trafalgar Square's Vacant Plinth|publisher=Government News|date=27 December 1999|access-date=27 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208134336/http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/270_suggestions_for_trafalgar_squares_vacant/40121.html|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref> A bronze [[Equestrian statue of George IV, Trafalgar Square|equestrian statue]] of George IV was designed by Sir [[Francis Chantrey]] and [[Thomas Earle (sculptor)|Thomas Earle]]. It was originally intended to be placed on top of the [[Marble Arch]], but instead was installed on the eastern plinth in 1843, while the other plinths remained empty until late in the 20th century.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1275350|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=survey /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/from-beckham-to-lapper-the-ever-changing-cast-887463.html|title=From Beckham to Lapper, the ever-changing cast|first=James|last=Macintyre|newspaper=The Independent|date=23 October 2011|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> There are two other statues on plinths, both installed during the 19th century: General Sir [[Charles James Napier]] by [[George Cannon Adams]] in the south-west corner in 1855, and Major-General Sir [[Henry Havelock]] by [[William Behnes]] in the south-east in 1861.<ref name=survey /> In 2000, the [[Mayor of London]], [[Ken Livingstone]], suggested replacing the statues with figures more familiar to the general public.<ref>{{cite news|author=Paul Kelso|title=Mayor attacks generals in battle of Trafalgar Square|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,385413,00.html|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 October 2000|access-date=25 May 2007 | location=London}}</ref>

==== Fourth plinth ====
{{Main|Fourth plinth}}
In the 21st century, the empty plinth in the north-west corner of the square, the "Fourth Plinth", has been used to show specially commissioned temporary artworks. The scheme was initiated by the [[Royal Society of Arts]] and continued by the Fourth Plinth Commission, appointed by the Mayor of London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/arts-and-culture/art-and-design/fourth-plinth|title=Fourth Plinth|publisher=Greater London Council|access-date=21 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222160716/https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/arts-and-culture/art-and-design/fourth-plinth|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Other sculptures ===
There are three busts of admirals against the north wall of the square. Those of [[John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe]] (by Sir [[Charles Wheeler (sculptor)|Charles Wheeler]]) and [[David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty]] (by [[William McMillan (sculptor)|William MacMillan]]) were installed in 1948 in conjunction with the square's fountains, which also commemorate them.<ref>{{Citation |title=Discovering London Statues and Monuments |last=Baker |first=Margatet |year=2008 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |page=9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=McMillan,_William_(1887–1977),_sculptor|title=McMillan, William (1887–1977)|publisher=Your Archives, [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|access-date=30 May 2011}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The third, of the [[World War II|Second World War]] [[First Sea Lord]] [[Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope]] (by [[Franta Belsky]]) was unveiled alongside them on {{Nowrap|2 April}} 1967.<ref>{{citation|title=Bust of Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope by Franta Belsky|url=http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Bust_of_Viscount_Cunningham_of_Hyndhope_by_Franta_Belsky|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)#"Your Archives"|Your Archives, The National Archives]]|access-date=27 November 2007|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130224151119/http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Bust_of_Viscount_Cunningham_of_Hyndhope_by_Franta_Belsky|archive-date=24 February 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

On the south side of Trafalgar Square, on the site of the original Charing Cross, is a bronze [[Equestrian statue of Charles I, Charing Cross|equestrian statue of Charles I]] by [[Hubert Le Sueur]]. It was cast in 1633, and placed in its present position in 1678.<ref>[[John Gorton (writer)|John Gorton]]: ''A Topographical Dictionary of Great Britain and Ireland'', 1833, p. 687</ref>

The two statues on the lawn in front of the National Gallery are the [[Statue of James II, Trafalgar Square|statue of James II]] (designed by [[Peter Van Dievoet|Peter van Dievoet]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levif.be/actualite/magazine/artistes-de-pere-en-fils/article-normal-894707.html|title=Artistes, de père en fils|website=Site-LeVif-FR|date=21 November 2008|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> and [[Laurens van der Meulen]] for the studio of [[Grinling Gibbons]])<ref>[[Horace Walpole]], ''Anecdotes of painting in England: with some account of the principal artists; and incidental notes on other arts; collected by the late Mr. [[George Vertue]]; and now digested and published from his original MSS. by Mr. [[Horace Walpole]]'', London, 1765, vol. III, p. 91 : « Gibbons had several disciples and workmen; Selden I have mentioned; Watson assisted chiefly at [[Chatsworth House|Chatsworth]], where the boys and many of the ornaments in the chapel were executed by him. Dievot of Brussels, and Laurens of Mechlin were principal journeymen — Vertue says they modelled and cast the statue I have mentioned in the privy-garden ». According to David Green, in ''Grinling Gibbons, his work as carver and statuary'' (London, 1964), one Smooke sayd to Vertue that this statue "''was modelled and made by Laurence and Devoot (sic)''"; [[George Vertue]], ''Note Books'', ed. Walpole Society, Oxford, 1930–47, vol. I, p.82 : "Lawrence. Dyvoet. statuarys", and ''ibidem'' IV, 50 : "Laurens a statuary of Mechlin... Dievot a statuary of Brussels both these artists were in England and assisted Mr. Gibbons in statuary works in K. Charles 2d. and K. James 2d. time, they left England in the troubles of the Revolution and retird to their own country".</ref> to the west of the portico, and of one [[George Washington]], a [[George Washington (Houdon)|replica of a work]] by [[Jean-Antoine Houdon]], to the east.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=935}} The latter was a gift from the Commonwealth of [[Virginia]], installed in 1921.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=875}}

Two statues erected in the 19th century have since been removed. One of [[Edward Jenner]], pioneer of the [[smallpox vaccine]], was set up in the south-west corner of the square in 1858, next to that of Napier. Sculpted by [[William Calder Marshall]], it showed Jenner sitting in a chair in a relaxed pose, and was inaugurated at a ceremony presided over by [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]. It was moved to [[Kensington Gardens]] in 1862.<ref>{{cite journal |year=1858 |title=The Jenner Monument |journal=Dublin Hospital Gazette |volume=5 |page=176 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45228 |title=Kensington Gardens |author=Edward Walford |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1878 |work=Old and New London: Volume 5 |access-date=31 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525194901/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45228 |archive-date=25 May 2011 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The other, of General [[Charles George Gordon]] by [[Hamo Thornycroft]], was erected on an 18-foot high pedestal between the fountains in 1888. It was removed in 1943 and re-sited on the [[Victoria Embankment]] ten years later.{{sfn|Mace|1976|pp=125–126}}