Editing Trachea (section)

===Inflammation and infection===
<!--Intro and causes-->
[[Inflammation]] of the trachea is known as [[tracheitis]], usually due to an infection. It is usually caused by [[viral infection]]s,<ref name="Tristam2019">{{cite book | vauthors = Tristram D |title=Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases |chapter=Laryngitis, Tracheitis, Epiglottitis, and Bronchiolitis: Sore Throat, Change in Voice, Feverora Wheezing Infant in Respiratory Distress |date=2019 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-91080-2 |pages=75–85 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-91080-2_7 |s2cid=86826724 }}</ref> with bacterial infections occurring almost entirely in children.<ref name=":1" /> Most commonly, infections occur with inflammation of other parts of the respiratory tract, such as the larynx and bronchi, known as [[croup]],<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuo CY, Parikh SR | title = Bacterial tracheitis | journal = Pediatrics in Review | volume = 35 | issue = 11 | pages = 497–499 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25361911 | doi = 10.1542/pir.35-11-497 | s2cid = 42828725 }}</ref><ref name=Tristam2019/> however bacterial infections may also affect the trachea alone, although they are often associated with a recent viral infection.<ref name=Tristam2019/> Viruses that cause croup are generally the [[parainfluenza virus]]es 1–3, with [[influenza virus]]es A and B also causing croup, but usually causing more serious infections; bacteria may also cause croup and include ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' and ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]''.<ref name=Tristam2019/> Causes of bacterial infection of the trachea are most commonly ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Bhatia R |title=Bacterial Tracheitis - Pediatrics |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/respiratory-disorders-in-young-children/bacterial-tracheitis |website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition |access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref> In patients who are in hospital, additional bacteria that may cause tracheitis include ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'', and ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''.<ref name=Tristam2019/>

<!--Symptoms and management-->
A person affected with tracheitis may start with symptoms that suggest an [[upper respiratory tract infection]] such as a cough, [[sore throat]], or [[Coryza|coryzal symptoms]] such as a [[runny nose]]. Fevers may develop and an affected child may develop [[respiratory distress|difficulty breathing]] and [[sepsis]].<ref name=Tristam2019/><ref name=":1" /> Swelling of the airway can cause narrowing of the airway, causing a hoarse breathing sound called [[stridor]], or even cause complete blockage.<ref name=":1" /> Up to 80% of people affected by bacterial tracheitis require [[intubation|the use of mechanical ventilation]], and treatment may include [[endoscopy]] for the purposes of acquiring microbiological specimens for [[culture and sensitivity]], as well as removal of any dead tissue associated with the infection. Treatment in such situations usually includes [[antibiotic]]s.<ref name=":1" />