Editing Tommy (The Who album) (section)

==Other incarnations==

===1970 Les Grands Ballets Canadiens ===
In 1970 Fernand Nault, choreographer of the Montreal [[ballet]] group [[Les Grands Ballets Canadiens]], created the first dance-based adaptation of ''Tommy''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/les-grands-ballets-canadiens-de-montreal/|title=Les Grands Ballets Canadiens de Montreal|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref> The ballet was premiered in Montreal in October 1970 and obtained a real success.  The performance toured New York in April 1971, which included a light show and accompanying films by the Quebec Film Bureau.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=199}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/09/arts/dance-ballets-canadiens.html|title=Dance: Ballets Canadiens|first=Anna|last=Kisselgoff|newspaper=The New York Times|date=9 February 1981|access-date=16 October 2014}}</ref>

===1971 Seattle Opera production===
In 1971, the [[Seattle Opera]] under director [[Richard Pearlman]] produced the first ever fully staged professional production of ''Tommy'' at [[Seattle]]'s [[Moore Theatre]]. The production included [[Bette Midler]] playing the role of the Acid Queen and Mrs. Walker, and music by the [[Syracuse, New York]] band Comstock, Ltd.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bargreen |first=Melinda |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2002394625_ross22.html |title=Glynn Ross, 90, turned Seattle into opera destination|work=The Seattle Times |date=22 July 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524124543/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2002394625_ross22.html |archive-date=24 May 2011}}</ref>

===London Symphony Orchestra version===
{{main|Tommy (London Symphony Orchestra album){{!}}''Tommy'' (London Symphony Orchestra album)}}
On 9 December 1972, entrepreneur [[Lou Reizner]] presented a concert version of ''Tommy'' at the [[Rainbow Theatre (Finsbury Park)|Rainbow Theatre]], London. There were two performances that took place on the same evening. The concerts featured the Who, plus a guest cast, backed by the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] conducted by [[David Measham]].{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|pp=313–314}} The concerts were held to promote the release of Reizner's new studio recording of this symphonic version of ''Tommy'', released in October 1972.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=400}}

The album and concerts featured an all-star cast, including [[Graham Bell (singer)|Graham Bell]] (as the Lover), [[Maggie Bell]] (as the Mother), [[Sandy Denny]] (as the Nurse), [[Steve Winwood]] (as the Father), [[Rod Stewart]] (as the Local Lad), [[Richie Havens]] (as the Hawker), [[Merry Clayton]] (as the Acid Queen), and [[Ringo Starr]] (as Uncle Ernie). Townshend played some guitar, but otherwise the music was predominantly orchestral.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/release/tommy-as-performed-by-the-london-symphony-orchestra-chamber-choir-mr0000287817|title=Tommy – As Performed by the London Symphony Orchestra|first=Bruce|last=Eder|website=AllMusic|access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref> [[Richard Harris]] played the role of the Doctor on the record, but he was replaced by [[Peter Sellers]] for the stage production. The stage show had a second run on 13 and 14 December 1973 with Daltrey, Graham Bell, Havens, and Clayton returning, and a new cast including [[David Essex]] (as the Narrator), [[Elkie Brooks]] (as the Mother), [[Roger Chapman]] (as the Father), [[Marsha Hunt (singer and novelist)|Marsha Hunt]] (as the Nurse), [[Bill Oddie]] (as Cousin Kevin), [[Vivian Stanshall]] (as Uncle Ernie), [[Roy Wood]] (as the Local Lad), and [[Jon Pertwee]] (as the Doctor).{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=340}}

The orchestral version was also performed twice in Australia on 31 March 1973 at Melbourne's [[Sidney Myer Music Bowl|Myer Music Bowl]] and on 1 April at Sydney's [[Randwick Racecourse]]. Keith Moon appeared as Uncle Ernie (in Melbourne only), [[Graham Bell (singer)|Graham Bell]] as the Narrator, with local stars [[Daryl Braithwaite]] (as Tommy), [[Billy Thorpe]] (as the Local Lad), [[Doug Parkinson]] (as the Hawker), [[Wendy Saddington]] (as the Nurse), [[Jim Keays]] (as the Lover), [[Broderick Smith]] (as the Father), [[Colleen Hewett]] (as the Mother), [[Linda George (Australian singer)|Linda George]] (as the Acid Queen), [[Ross Wilson (musician)|Ross Wilson]] (as Cousin Kevin), [[Bobby & Laurie|Bobby Bright]] (as the Doctor), and [[Ian Meldrum]] (as Uncle Ernie in Sydney), and a full orchestra.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|pp=325,326}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.milesago.com/stage/tommy.htm |title=Tommy Australian concert production 1973 |publisher=Milesago.com |access-date=13 April 2011}}</ref> The Melbourne concert was videotaped, then televised by Channel 7 on 13 April 1973.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=326}}

===1975 film===
{{Main|Tommy (1975 film){{!}}''Tommy'' (1975 film)}}
In 1975 ''Tommy'' was adapted as a film, produced by expatriate Australian entrepreneur [[Robert Stigwood]] and directed by British auteur [[Ken Russell]]. The movie version starred Roger Daltrey as Tommy and featured the other members of the Who, plus a supporting cast that included [[Ann-Margret]] as Tommy's mother and [[Oliver Reed]] as the Lover, with appearances by [[Elton John]], [[Tina Turner]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[Arthur Brown (musician)|Arthur Brown]], and [[Jack Nicholson]]. Russell insisted on having a known cast, though Townshend wanted people who could sing the material, and he was particularly disappointed at not being allowed to cast [[Stevie Wonder]] as the Pinball Wizard.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=440}} In several cinemas, the film supported a [[multitrack recording|multi-track]] soundtrack billed as [[Tommy (1975 film)#Quintaphonic Sound|quintaphonic sound]], which placed speaker banks in the four quadrants of the house and directly behind the centre of the screen.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=369}}

Townshend also oversaw the production of a [[Tommy (soundtrack)|soundtrack album]], on which the unrecorded orchestral arrangements Kit Lambert had envisaged for the original ''Tommy'' LP were realised by the extensive use of [[synthesizer]].{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=442}} He started work on the soundtrack album immediately after the Who's 1973 US tour in December and worked on it almost continuously for the next four months.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=440}} As well as the Who, the film's music track and the original soundtrack LP also employed several session musicians including [[Caleb Quaye]], [[Ronnie Wood]], [[Nicky Hopkins]], [[Chris Stainton]], and longtime Who associate [[John Bundrick|John "Rabbit" Bundrick]].{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=441}} Due to Keith Moon's commitments with the filming of ''[[Stardust (1974 film)|Stardust]]'', [[Kenney Jones]] (who would take over as the Who's drummer after Moon's death in 1978) played drums on much of the soundtrack album.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=344}}

"Pinball Wizard" was a major hit when released as a single. This sequence in the film depicts Elton John being backed by the Who (dressed in pound-note suits); the band portrayed the Pinball Wizard's band for filming,{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=350}} but on the music track and soundtrack album, the music was performed entirely by him and his regular touring band.{{sfn|Marsh|1983|p=441}} Most of the extras were students at [[University of Portsmouth|Portsmouth Polytechnic]] and were paid with tickets to a Who concert after filming wrapped.{{sfn|Neill|Kent|2002|p=353}}

The film and its soundtrack album featured six new songs, all written by Townshend, and an alteration to the running order compared to the original album. The CD reissue of the film soundtrack also included an additional Overture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/tommy-original-soundtrack-mw0000313332|title=Tommy (Original Soundtrack)|website=AllMusic|access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref>

===Stage musical===
{{Main|The Who's Tommy{{!}}''The Who's Tommy''}}
In 1991, Townshend broke his wrist in a cycling accident and could not play guitar. Looking for alternative work while recuperating, he responded to a request from the PACE Theatrical Group for the rights to a [[stage musical]] adaptation of ''Tommy''. The group introduced him to [[La Jolla Playhouse]] director [[Des McAnuff]], and the pair began to develop the musical together. It opened at La Jolla in summer 1992 and was an immediate commercial success.{{sfn|Wollman|2006|p=161}} Townshend wrote a new song, "I Believe My Own Eyes", to explain the relationship between Tommy's parents, but otherwise tried to be faithful to the music on the original album.{{sfn|Wollman|2006|p=165}}

The musical had a mixed response from critics,{{sfn|Wollman|2006|p=168}} while Roger Daltrey and John Entwistle thought the show was too passive.{{sfn|Wollman|2006|p=165}} [[Anthony DeCurtis]], writing in ''Rolling Stone'', said the orchestra drummer had "the thankless task of having to reproduce Keith Moon's parts".{{sfn|Wollman|2006|p=169}} Townshend and Des McAnuff rewrote parts of the musical when it moved from La Jolla to [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]], to show a darker side for the title character.{{sfn|Wollman|2006|p=166}} McAnuff won a [[Tony Award]] in 1993 for [[Tony Award for Best Director|Best Director]], while [[Wayne Cilento]] won the award for [[Tony Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the American Musical Theatre: No Business Like It|first=Nathan|last=Hurwitz|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|page=225|isbn=978-1-317-91205-7}}</ref> The Broadway run lasted from 1993 to 1995.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bad Music: The Music We Love to Hate|editor1-first=Christopher|editor1-last=Washburne|editor2-first=Maiken|editor2-last=Derno|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|page=314|isbn=978-1-135-38547-7}}</ref> McAnuff revisited ''Tommy'' during the 2013 season of the [[Stratford Shakespeare Festival]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stratfordfestival.ca/OnStage/productions.aspx?id=20233&prodid=47004 |title=Tommy |publisher=Stratford Festival |access-date=13 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313051240/http://www.stratfordfestival.ca/OnStage/productions.aspx?id=20233&prodid=47004 |archive-date=13 March 2013 }}</ref> and with Townshend's input, staged a 2023 [[Revival (theatre)|revival]] at the [[Goodman Theatre]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Isherwood |first=Charles |date=6 July 2023 |title=‘The Who’s Tommy’ and ‘Another Marriage’ Reviews: Pinball Wizards, Coupled Writers |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-whos-tommy-and-another-marriage-reviews-pinball-wizards-coupled-writers-1912765e |access-date=16 July 2023 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Who's Tommy |url=https://www.goodmantheatre.org/show/the-whos-tommy/ |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=Goodman Theatre |language=en-US}}</ref> which transferred to Broadway in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paulson |first=Michael |date=26 October 2023 |title='Tommy,' the Who's Rock Opera, Will Return to Broadway |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/theater/the-whos-tommy-broadway.html |access-date=26 October 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Higgins |first=Molly |date=26 October 2023 |title=Reimagined The Who's Tommy Sets 2024 Broadway Bow |url=https://www.playbill.com/article/reimagined-the-whos-tommy-sets-2024-broadway-bow |access-date=26 October 2023 |website=Playbill}}</ref>

===Roger Daltrey live orchestral version===
{{Main|The Who's Tommy Orchestral{{!}}''The Who's Tommy Orchestral''}}
In 2018, Daltrey toured the US performing the full version of ''Tommy'', with members of the Who band and an orchestra conducted by Keith Levenson. To mark the 50th anniversary of the release of the original album, a recording of the live concert was released on 14 June 2019. This live album was performed in Bethel, New York, at the site of the original [[Woodstock]] festival, and a new orchestral backing recorded by Levenson in Hungary, with the Budapest Scoring Orchestra.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Who's Tommy Orchestral Out June 14th. Available now to pre-order |url=https://www.thewho.com/the-whos-tommy-orchestral/ |website=The Who (official website) |date=9 May 2019 |access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Who's Tommy Orchestral |url=https://www.rdevans.com/?portfolio=the-whos-tommy-orchestral |website=rdevans.com | date=14 May 2019 |access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>