Editing Tina Turner (section)

===Early solo career: 1976–1982===
In 1976 and 1977, Tina Turner earned income by appearing on TV shows such as ''[[Hollywood Squares|The Hollywood Squares]]'', ''[[Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)|Donny & Marie]]'', ''[[The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour|The Sonny & Cher Show]]'', and ''[[The Brady Bunch Hour]]''.{{sfn|Mabery|1986|pp=88–90}} After her separation from Ike, lawsuits were mounting for canceled Ike & Tina Turner gigs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 4, 1977 |title=Temple U. Sues Ike And Tina Turner |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qb8DAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+turner+sued+jet&pg=PA59 |work=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |pages=59}}</ref>{{Sfn|Turner|Loder|p=198|1986}} She resumed touring to pay off her debts, with finances given to her by United Artists executive [[Michael Stewart (music executive)|Mike Stewart]].{{Sfn|Turner|Loder|p=203|1986}} In 1977, she re-emerged with new costumes created by [[Bob Mackie]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lucas |first=Bob |date=January 5, 1978 |title=New Year, New Tina, New Title |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WL8DAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+turner+jet+1978&pg=PA21 |work=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |pages=20–24}}</ref> She headlined a series of [[cabaret]] shows at [[Caesars Palace]] in [[Las Vegas]] and took her act to smaller venues in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lucas |first=Bob |date=July 28, 1977 |title=Trials And Triumphs Test Tina Turner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qr8DAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+turner+caesars+palace+1977&pg=PA58 |work=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |pages=58–60}}</ref> Later that year, she embarked on her first solo concert tour in Australia.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/music/tremendously-powerful-presence-george-miller-jimmy-barnes-pay-tributes-to-tina-turner-20230525-p5db4c.html | title=Thunderdome, Nutbush and rugby league: George Miller, Jimmy Barnes honour Tina Turner | first1=Lenny Ann | last1=Low | first2=Garry | last2=Maddox | first3=Nell | last3=Geraets | first4=Martin | last4=Boulton | work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | date=May 25, 2023}}</ref>

In 1978, Turner released her third solo album, ''[[Rough (album)|Rough]]'', on United Artists with distribution in North America and Europe on [[EMI Records|EMI]]. That album, along with its 1979 follow-up, ''[[Love Explosion]]'', which included a brief diversion to [[disco]] music, failed to chart, so United Artists Records and Turner parted ways.{{sfn|Wynn|1985|p=70}} Without the premise of a hit record, she continued performing and headlined her second tour.{{sfn|Koenig|1986|pp=20–30}}

In 1979, Australian manager [[Roger Davies (manager)|Roger Davies]] agreed to manage Turner after seeing her perform at the [[Fairmont San Francisco|Fairmont Hotel]] in San Francisco.{{sfn|Turner|Loder|1986|p=176}} In early 1979, Turner worked in Italy as a regular performer on the [[Rai 1|Rete 1]] TV series ''[[:it:Luna Park (programma televisivo 1979)|Luna Park]]'', hosted by [[Pippo Baudo]] and [[Heather Parisi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2019 |title=Tina Turner anni Ottanta, i meriti di Pippo Baudo |url= https://www.indiscreto.info/2019/11/tina-turner-anni-ottanta-i-meriti-di-pippo-baudo.html |access-date=November 17, 2020 |website=Indiscreto |language=it-IT}}</ref> Later that year, she embarked on a controversial five-week tour of South Africa during the [[apartheid]] regime.{{sfn|Turner|Loder|1986|p=176–177}} She later regretted the decision, stating that she was "naive about the politics in South Africa" at the time.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 27, 1985 |title=Should Famous Blacks Entertain In South Africa |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=abADAAAAMBAJ&q=south+africa+tina+turner+1979&pg=PA52 |journal=Jet |pages=55}}</ref>

In October 1981, [[Rod Stewart]] attended Turner's show at [[The Ritz (rock club)|the Ritz]] in New York City and invited her to perform "[[Hot Legs]]" with him on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Palmer |first=Robert |date=October 28, 1981 |title=The Pop Life |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/28/arts/pop-life.html |access-date=November 17, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 24, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084953/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/28/arts/pop-life.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In November, Turner opened three shows for the Rolling Stones during their [[The Rolling Stones American Tour 1981|1981 American Tour]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rockwell |first=John |date=November 7, 1981 |title=Pop: The Stones at Play |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/07/arts/pop-the-stones-at-play.html |access-date=November 17, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 24, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150524080514/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/07/arts/pop-the-stones-at-play.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Turner performed in March 1982 in the Willem Ruis show (Netherlands), which resulted in the hit "[[Shame, Shame, Shame (Shirley & Company song)|Shame, Shame, Shame]]" (reaching No. 47 in the Netherlands). In 1982 Turner's recording of [[the Temptations]]' "[[Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)|Ball of Confusion]]" for the UK production team [[British Electric Foundation|B.E.F.]] became a hit in European dance clubs.{{sfn|Fissinger|1985|p=82}} In 1982, Turner also appeared on the album ''Music of Quality and Distinction Volume 1'' by B.E.F., a side project of [[Heaven 17]], singing "Ball of Confusion". She filmed a music video for "Ball of Confusion" that aired on the fledgling music video channel [[MTV]], becoming one of the first [[African Americans|black American]] artists to gain airtime on the channel.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 9, 2006 |title=Why It Took MTV So Long To Play Black Music Videos |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fDoDAAAAMBAJ&q=african+americans+MTV+tina+turner+1983&pg=PA16 |journal=Jet |pages=16}}</ref> Also in 1982, Turner appeared as a special guest on [[Chuck Berry]]'s television special performed at [[Roxy Theatre (West Hollywood)|The Roxy]] in [[West Hollywood, California|West Hollywood]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Heller |first=Jason |title=Chuck Berry: 10 Great Collaborations |url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/chuck-berry-10-great-collaborations-116615/chuck-berry-and-tina-turner-rock-and-roll-music-1982-117119/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=May 25, 2023 |date=March 20, 2017}}</ref>