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===From family rule to Ganden Phodrang government (14th–18th centuries)=== [[File:Potala palace21.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Potala Palace]] in Lhasa, chief residence and political center of the [[Dalai Lama]]s. ]] With the decline and end of the Mongol Yuan dynasty, Tibet regained independence and was ruled by successive local families from the 14th to the 17th century.{{sfnp|Rossabi|1983|p=194}} [[Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen|Jangchub Gyaltsän]] (1302–1364) became the strongest political family in the mid 14th century.<ref>{{cite book |last=Petech |first=L. |title=Central Tibet and The Mongols |series=Serie Orientale Roma |volume=65 |place=Rome |publisher=Instituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente |year=1990 |pages=85–143}}</ref> During this period the reformist scholar [[Je Tsongkhapa]] (1357–1419) founded the [[Gelug]] school which would have a decisive influence on Tibet's history. The [[Ganden Tripa]] is the nominal head of the Gelug school, though its most influential figure is the Dalai Lama. The Ganden Tripa is an appointed office and not a reincarnation lineage. The position can be held by an individual for seven years and this has led to more Ganden Tripas than Dalai Lamas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Berzin |first1=Alexander |title=Gelug Monasteries: Ganden |url=http://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/monasteries-in-tibet/gelug-monasteries-ganden |website=Study Buddhism |access-date=13 April 2022}}</ref> Internal strife within the [[Phagmodrupa dynasty]], and the strong localism of the various fiefs and political-religious factions, led to a long series of internal conflicts. The minister family [[Rinpungpa]], based in [[Ü-Tsang|Tsang]] (West Central Tibet), dominated politics after 1435.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Czaja |first=Olaf |date=2013-09-17 |title=On the History of Refining Mercury in Tibetan Medicine |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341290 |journal=Asian Medicine |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=75–105 |doi=10.1163/15734218-12341290 |issn=1573-420X}}</ref> In 1565, the Rinpungpa family was overthrown by the [[Tsangpa]] Dynasty of [[Shigatse]], which expanded its power in different directions of Tibet in the following decades and favoured the [[Karma Kagyu]] sect. They would play a pivotal role in the events which led to the rise of power of the Dalai Lama's in the 1640s.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} {{See also|Ming–Tibet relations}} In China, Tibetan Buddhism continued to be patronized by the elites of the Ming Dynasty. According to [[David M. Robinson]], during this era, Tibetan Buddhist monks "conducted court rituals, enjoyed privileged status and gained access to the jealously guarded, private world of the emperors".<ref>{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=David M. |year=2008 |chapter-url=http://www.history.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/documents/readings/robinson_culture_courtiers_ch.8.pdf |chapter=The Ming Court and the Legacy of the Yuan Mongols |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006082912/http://www.history.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/documents/readings/robinson_culture_courtiers_ch.8.pdf |archive-date=2016-10-06 |title=Culture, Courtiers and Competition, The Ming Court (1368–1644)}}</ref> The Ming [[Yongle Emperor]] (r. 1402–1424) promoted the carving of printing blocks for the [[Kangyur]], now known as "the Yongle Kanjur", and seen as an important edition of the collection.<ref>Silk, Jonathan. ''Notes on the history of the Yongle Kanjur.'' Indica et Tibetica 28, Suhrllekhah. Festgabe für Helmut Eimer, 1998.</ref> The Ming Dynasty also supported the propagation of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia during this period. Tibetan Buddhist missionaries also helped spread the religion in Mongolia. It was during this era that [[Altan Khan]] the leader of the [[Tümed]] Mongols, converted to Buddhism, and allied with the Gelug school, conferring the title of Dalai Lama to [[3rd Dalai Lama|Sonam Gyatso]] in 1578.<ref>{{cite book |first=Patrick |last=Taveirne |year=2004 |title=Han-Mongol Encounters and Missionary Endeavors: A History of Scheut in Ordos (Hetao) 1874–1911 |publisher=Leuven University Press |pages=67ff |isbn=978-90-5867-365-7}}</ref> During a Tibetan civil war in the 17th century, [[Sonam Choephel]] (1595–1657 CE), the chief regent of the [[5th Dalai Lama]], conquered and unified Tibet to establish the ''[[Ganden Phodrang]]'' government with the help of the [[Güshi Khan]] of the [[Khoshut Khanate|Khoshut Mongols]]. The ''Ganden Phodrang'' and the successive Gelug [[tulku]] lineages of the Dalai Lamas and [[Panchen Lama]]s maintained regional control of [[Tibet]] from the mid-17th to mid-20th centuries.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dudeja |first=Jai Paul |title=Profound Meditation Practices in Tibetan Buddhism |publisher=Bluerose Publisher Pvt. Ltd.|date=2023 |page=5 |isbn=978-93-5741-206-3 }}</ref>
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