Editing Tibet Autonomous Region (section)

==Human rights==
{{Main|Human rights in Tibet}}
[[File:Chinese army moving from Golmud to Lhasa.jpg|thumb|200px|Chinese army division moving from Golmud to Lhasa]]
From the 1951 [[Seventeen Point Agreement]] to 2003, life expectancy in Tibet increased from thirty-six years to sixty-seven years with infant mortality and absolute poverty declining steadily.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lin |first=Chun |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63178961 |title=The transformation of Chinese socialism |date=2006 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8223-3785-0 |location=Durham [N.C.] |pages=103 |oclc=63178961}}</ref>

Before the [[annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China]] in 1951, Tibet was ruled by a theocracy<ref>Samten G. Karmay, {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305233421/http://www.tibetwrites.org/?religion-and-politics-commentary Religion and Politics: commentary]}}, September 2008: "from 1642 the Ganden Potrang, the official seat of the government in Drepung Monastery, came to symbolize the supreme power in both the theory and practice of a theocratic government. This was indeed a political triumph that Buddhism had never known in its history in Tibet."</ref> and had a caste-like social hierarchy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fjeld|first= Heidi|title=Commoners and Nobles:Hereditary Divisions in Tibet |publisher= Nordic Institute of Asian Studies|year=2003|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0V5lV_M-SYC|isbn= 9788791114175}}</ref> Human rights in Tibet prior to its [[Incorporation of Tibet into the People's Republic of China|incorporation]] into the People's Republic of China differed considerably from those in the modern era. Due to tight control of [[Media of the People's Republic of China|press in mainland China]], including the Tibet Autonomous Region,<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">Regions and territories: Tibet bbc http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4152353.stm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422064415/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4152353.stm|date=2011-04-22}}</ref> it is difficult to accurately determine the scope of human rights abuses.<ref name="statedept09">US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090226175344/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/eap/119037.htm#tibet 2008 Human Rights Report: China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)]'', February 25, 2009</ref>

When General Secretary [[Hu Yaobang]] visited Tibet in 1980 and 1982, he disagreed with what he viewed as heavy-handedness.<ref name=":05">{{Cite book |last=Lampton |first=David M. |title=Living U.S.-China Relations: From Cold War to Cold War |date=2024 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-5381-8725-8 |location=Lanham, MD |pages= |author-link=David M. Lampton}}</ref>{{Rp|page=240}} Hu reduced the number of Han party cadre, and relaxed social controls.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=240}}

Critics of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) say the CCP's official aim to eliminate "the three evils of separatism, [[terrorism]] and religious extremism" is used as a pretext for human rights abuses.<ref>Simon Denyer, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/08/china-party-dissent-xinjiang-tibet China cracks down on aggrieved party cadres in Xinjiang and Tibet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229201516/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/08/china-party-dissent-xinjiang-tibet |date=2016-12-29 }}, The Guardian, 8 December 2015.</ref> A 1992 [[Amnesty International]] report stated that judicial standards in the Tibet Autonomous Region were not up to "international standards". The report charged the CCP<ref name="aiamnesty">Amnesty International, [http://www.tibetjustice.org/materials/un/un8annex2.1.html Amnesty International: "China – Amnesty International's concerns in Tibet"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912004834/http://www.tibetjustice.org/materials/un/un8annex2.1.html |date=2009-09-12 }}, Secretary-General's Report: Situation in Tibet, E/CN.4/1992/37</ref> government with keeping [[political prisoners]] and [[prisoners of conscience]]; ill-treatment of detainees, including [[torture]], and inaction in the face of ill-treatment; the use of the death penalty; [[Extrajudicial killing|extrajudicial executions]];<ref name="aiamnesty" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hrweb.org/ai/aidoc.html |title=Amnesty International Documents |publisher=Hrweb.org |access-date=2012-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090003/http://www.hrweb.org/ai/aidoc.html |archive-date=15 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[forced abortion]] and [[forced sterilization|sterilization]].<ref name="Goldstein 1991 285–303">{{Cite journal|title=China's Birth Control Policy in the Tibet Autonomous Region|journal=[[Asian Survey]]|author-link=Melvyn Goldstein|first1=Melvyn|last1=Goldstein|first2=Beall|last2=Cynthia|date=March 1991|volume=31|issue=3|pages=285–303|jstor=2645246|doi=10.2307/2645246}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/06/13/human-rights-violations-tibet|title=Human Rights Violations in Tibet|date=13 June 2000|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crin.org/docs/resources/treaties/crc.12/China_CFT2_NGO_Report.pdf|title=Database of NGO Reports presented to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child.|publisher=Archive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119081639/http://www.crin.org/docs/resources/treaties/crc.12/China_CFT2_NGO_Report.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2012/11/424662-china-must-urgently-address-rights-violations-tibet-un-senior-official|title=China must urgently address rights violations in Tibet – UN senior official|date=2 November 2012|publisher=UN News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/f7f1f1e0-e8ae-4670-9d03-ba50b01d12fe/|title=European Parliament resolution of 10 April 2008 on Tibet|date=10 April 2008|publisher=Publications Office of the EU}}</ref>