Editing Tianjin (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates, v2, 2010 Tianjin, China (13873741565).jpg|thumb|Population density and low elevation coastal zones in the Tianjin area. Tianjin is particularly vulnerable to [[sea level rise]].]]
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-3.jpg|thumb|left|Tianjin (labeled as T'IEN-CHIN (TIENTSIN) 天津) (1955)]]
[[File:Hai River Basin EN.svg|thumb|left|Map of the [[Hai River]] Basin|237x237px]]
[[File:天津夜景航拍20110419.JPG|thumb|2011 satellite image of Tianjin. The city center is on the left, while the smaller urban area to the right is the [[Binhai New Area]].]]
[[File:炫彩津门32北安桥.jpg|thumb|Hai River in 2011]]

Tianjin is located on the west coast of the [[Bohai Gulf]]; the provinces of [[Shandong]] and [[Liaoning]] are located across those waters. The city is bordered by [[Beijing]], which is {{convert|120|km|sp=us}} to the northwest. Tianjin is surrounded on all sides by [[Hebei]], with the exception of its eastern border, which is the [[Bohai Sea]]. With a latitude ranging from 38° 34' to 40° 15' N and a longitude ranging from 116° 43' to 118° 04' E, the total area of the city is {{convert|11,860.63|km2|sqmi|2||sp=us}}.

The city has {{convert|153|km|abbr=on}} of coastline and {{convert|1,137.48|km|mi|2||sp=us}} of land border.<ref>{{cite web
 |url = http://cn.chinagate.cn/ECONOMIC/2007-11/30/content_9328447.htm
 |script-title = zh:天津地理位置、行政区划、人口民族概况
 |publisher = Chinagate
 |language = zh-hans
 |date = November 30, 2007
 |access-date = July 17, 2012
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120626034054/http://cn.chinagate.cn/ECONOMIC/2007-11/30/content_9328447.htm
 |archive-date = June 26, 2012
 |url-status = dead
 |df = mdy-all
 }}</ref> It is located at the northern end of the [[Grand Canal of China]], which connects with the [[Yellow River|Yellow]] and [[Yangtze River]]s. The municipality is generally flat and is swampy near the coast; however, it has hills in the north, where the [[Yan Mountains]] enter Tianjin. Tidal flats occur on the coastal plain adjacent to the city.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=N.J. |last2=Clemens |first2=R.S. |last3=Phinn |first3=S.R. |last4=Possingham |first4=H.P. |last5=Fuller |first5=R.A. |title=Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=2014 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=267–272 |doi=10.1890/130260 |bibcode=2014FrEE...12..267M |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207073933/https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The highest point in the municipality is [[Jiuding Shan|Jiuding Peak]] ({{lang|zh-hans|九顶山}}) in [[Ji County, Tianjin|Ji County]] on the northern border with Hebei; the mountain has an altitude of {{convert|1078.5|m|abbr=on}}.

In the Tianjin Municipality, the [[Hai River]] forms at the confluence of the [[Ziya River]] ({{lang|zh|子牙河}}), [[:zh:大清河|Daqing River]] ({{lang|zh|大清河}}), [[Yongding River]], [[:zh:北运河|North Grand Canal]], and [[Grand Canal (China)|South Grand Canal]]; it enters the Pacific Ocean within the municipality as well as in [[Tanggu District]]. Reservoirs include the [[Beidagang Reservoir]] in the south (in [[Dagang District]]) and the [[Yuqiao Reservoir]] in the north in [[Ji County, Tianjin|Ji County]].

===Climate===
Tianjin has a [[semi-arid climate]] (using the [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] system, the city has a ''BSk'' climate bordering on ''Dwa'' and ''Cwa''). As in other areas of East Asia, the city has a four-season, [[monsoon]]-influenced climate; it also has cold, windy, and dry winters due to the [[Siberian anticyclone]] and hot, humid summers due to the monsoon season. Spring in the city is dry and windy; the season sometimes consists of [[Dust storm|sandstorms]] blowing in from the [[Gobi Desert]], which are capable of lasting for several days. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−2.8|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|27.2|°C|1}} in July, with an annual mean of {{convert|13.3|°C|1}}. Extreme temperatures in the city at the main weather station in Xiqing District have ranged from {{convert|−22.9|°C|0}} to {{convert|41.1|°C|0}}.<ref name="Extremes">{{cite web |title=Extreme Temperatures Around the World |url=http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804202145/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |archive-date=August 4, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> With the monthly percentage of the possible amount of sunshine ranging from 45% in July to 61% in March and April, the city receives 2,460 hours of sunshine annually. Having an annual total precipitation of {{convert|521|mm|sp=us}}, with nearly three-fifths of it occurring in July and August alone, the city lies within the [[semi-arid]] climate zone, although parts of the municipality are [[humid continental]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk''/''Dwa'', respectively).<ref>Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). [//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification"]. ''Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.'' 11: 1633–1644.</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Tianjin ([[Dongli District]]), elevation {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| collapsed = 
| Jan record high C = 14.3
| Feb record high C = 20.8
| Mar record high C = 30.5
| Apr record high C = 33.1
| May record high C = 40.5
| Jun record high C = 40.6
| Jul record high C = 40.5
| Aug record high C = 37.4
| Sep record high C = 34.9
| Oct record high C = 30.8
| Nov record high C = 23.1
| Dec record high C = 14.4
| Jan high C = 2.1
| Feb high C = 5.8
| Mar high C = 12.8
| Apr high C = 20.8
| May high C = 26.8
| Jun high C = 30.2
| Jul high C = 31.6
| Aug high C = 30.7
| Sep high C = 26.9
| Oct high C = 19.8
| Nov high C = 10.7
| Dec high C = 3.7
| Jan mean C = −2.8
| Feb mean C = 0.4
| Mar mean C = 7.0
| Apr mean C = 14.8
| May mean C = 21.0
| Jun mean C = 25.0
| Jul mean C = 27.2
| Aug mean C = 26.3
| Sep mean C = 21.7
| Oct mean C = 14.3
| Nov mean C = 5.7
| Dec mean C = −0.9
| Jan low C = −6.5
| Feb low C = −3.7
| Mar low C = 2.4
| Apr low C = 9.6
| May low C = 15.8
| Jun low C = 20.6
| Jul low C = 23.6
| Aug low C = 22.7
| Sep low C = 17.4
| Oct low C = 9.9
| Nov low C = 1.8
| Dec low C = -4.3
| Jan record low C = −18.1
| Feb record low C = −22.9
| Mar record low C = −17.7
| Apr record low C = −2.8
| May record low C = 4.5
| Jun record low C = 10.1
| Jul record low C = 16.2
| Aug record low C = 13.7
| Sep record low C = 6.2
| Oct record low C = −2.2
| Nov record low C = −11.7
| Dec record low C = −17.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 2.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 6.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 6.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 22.8
| May precipitation mm = 37.7
| Jun precipitation mm = 78.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 141.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 122.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 54.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 32.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 13.5
| Dec precipitation mm = 3.1
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 54
| Mar humidity = 49
| Apr humidity = 48
| May humidity = 53
| Jun humidity = 64
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 67
| Oct humidity = 62
| Nov humidity = 60
| Dec humidity = 56
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 1.3
| Feb precipitation days = 2.3
| Mar precipitation days = 2.5
| Apr precipitation days = 4.5
| May precipitation days = 6.2
| Jun precipitation days = 9.0
| Jul precipitation days = 11.1
| Aug precipitation days = 9.8
| Sep precipitation days = 6.4
| Oct precipitation days = 4.8
| Nov precipitation days = 3.0
| Dec precipitation days = 2.0
| Jan sun = 167.6
| Jan percentsun = 55
| Feb sun = 175.9
| Feb percentsun = 58
| Mar sun = 227.7
| Mar percentsun = 61
| Apr sun = 243.8
| Apr percentsun = 61
| May sun = 267.8
| May percentsun = 60
| Jun sun = 233.9
| Jun percentsun = 53
| Jul sun = 202.2
| Jul percentsun = 45
| Aug sun = 203.3
| Aug percentsun = 49
| Sep sun = 212.3
| Sep percentsun = 58
| Oct sun = 199.8
| Oct percentsun = 59
| Nov sun = 165.2
| Nov percentsun = 55
| Dec sun = 160.9
| Dec percentsun = 55
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
 |script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
 |publisher    = [[China Meteorological Administration]]
 |language     = zh
 |access-date  = 2023-04-11
 |title        = Experience Template
 |archive-date = April 4, 2023
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20230404092524/https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref name=CMA>{{cite web|url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |script-title=zh:中国气象局 国家气象信息中心 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] | language = zh-hans |access-date=November 20, 2010 |date=June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710164442/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=July 10, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=November 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=dead |title=Index }}</ref>
| source = 
}}{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Tianjin ([[Xiqing District]]), elevation {{convert|3.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| collapsed = 
|Jan record high C = 14.3
|Feb record high C = 23.0
|Mar record high C = 30.5
|Apr record high C = 35.0
|May record high C = 40.5
|Jun record high C = 41.1
|Jul record high C = 40.5
|Aug record high C = 37.4
|Sep record high C = 35.4
|Oct record high C = 30.8
|Nov record high C = 23.1
|Dec record high C = 14.4
|Jan high C = 2.2
|Feb high C = 6.1
|Mar high C = 13.2
|Apr high C = 21.2
|May high C = 27.2
|Jun high C = 30.7
|Jul high C = 31.7
|Aug high C = 30.7
|Sep high C = 26.8
|Oct high C = 19.9
|Nov high C = 10.7
|Dec high C = 3.7
|Jan mean C = −3.2
|Feb mean C = 0.1
|Mar mean C = 7.1
|Apr mean C = 14.9
|May mean C = 21.1
|Jun mean C = 25.1
|Jul mean C = 27.1
|Aug mean C = 26.1
|Sep mean C = 21.2
|Oct mean C = 13.9
|Nov mean C = 5.3
|Dec mean C = −1.3
|Jan low C = −7.3
|Feb low C = −4.3
|Mar low C = 2.1
|Apr low C = 9.3
|May low C = 15.4
|Jun low C = 20.2
|Jul low C = 23.2
|Aug low C = 22.3
|Sep low C = 16.7
|Oct low C = 9.2
|Nov low C = 1.1
|Dec low C = -5.1
|Jan record low C = −18.1
|Feb record low C = −22.9
|Mar record low C = −17.7
|Apr record low C = −2.8
|May record low C = 4.5
|Jun record low C = 10.1
|Jul record low C = 16.2
|Aug record low C = 13.7
|Sep record low C = 6.2
|Oct record low C = −2.2
|Nov record low C = −11.4
|Dec record low C = −17.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 2.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 4.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 6.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 21.7
| May precipitation mm = 34.7
| Jun precipitation mm = 74.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 156.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 123.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 50.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 31.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 13.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 2.3
| Jan humidity = 56
| Feb humidity = 54
| Mar humidity = 49
| Apr humidity = 48
| May humidity = 52
| Jun humidity = 62
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 76
| Sep humidity = 69
| Oct humidity = 64
| Nov humidity = 62
| Dec humidity = 59
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 1.3
| Feb precipitation days = 2.3
| Mar precipitation days = 2.5
| Apr precipitation days = 4.5
| May precipitation days = 6.2
| Jun precipitation days = 9.0
| Jul precipitation days = 11.1
| Aug precipitation days = 9.8
| Sep precipitation days = 6.4
| Oct precipitation days = 4.8
| Nov precipitation days = 3.0
| Dec precipitation days = 2.0
| Jan sun = 167.6
| Jan percentsun = 55
| Feb sun = 175.9
| Feb percentsun = 58
| Mar sun = 227.7
| Mar percentsun = 61
| Apr sun = 243.8
| Apr percentsun = 61
| May sun = 267.8
| May percentsun = 60
| Jun sun = 233.9
| Jun percentsun = 53
| Jul sun = 202.2
| Jul percentsun = 45
| Aug sun = 203.3
| Aug percentsun = 49
| Sep sun = 212.3
| Sep percentsun = 58
| Oct sun = 199.8
| Oct percentsun = 59
| Nov sun = 165.2
| Nov percentsun = 55
| Dec sun = 160.9
| Dec percentsun = 55
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
 |script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
 |publisher    = [[China Meteorological Administration]]
 |language     = zh
 |access-date  = 2023-04-11
 |title        = Experience Template
 |archive-date = April 4, 2023
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20230404092524/https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref name=CMA>{{cite web|url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |script-title=zh:中国气象局 国家气象信息中心 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] | language = zh-hans |access-date=November 20, 2010 |date=June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710164442/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=July 10, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=November 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=dead |title=Index }}</ref>
| source = 
}}
<div style="width: 80%;"></div>
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Tianjin.tab
| title=Tianjin temperature
}}

===Measures to improve air quality===
In May 2014, the city's administration enacted new laws in an attempt to lower the city's pollution levels. These measures included several methods to restrict pollution on days when is severe, such as by halving the number of vehicles allowed on roads, halting construction and manufacturing activity, closing schools, and halting large-scale outdoor activities.<ref name = "Pollution" >
{{cite web
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-china-pollution-idUSKBN0DZ19O20140519
| title = China's Tianjin to restrict vehicle use to curb pollution
| website = [[Reuters]]
| access-date = October 14, 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924200958/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/19/uk-china-pollution-idUSKBN0DZ19O20140519
| archive-date = September 24, 2015
| url-status = live
| df = mdy-all
}}
</ref>
{{Clear}} In the past, flights have also been grounded and highways have been closed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-pollution-tianjin-idUSKBN1470C4|title=Highways shut, flights grounded as smog blankets China's Tianjin|newspaper=Reuters|date=December 18, 2016|access-date=October 4, 2021|archive-date=October 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004134600/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-pollution-tianjin-idUSKBN1470C4|url-status=live}}</ref>

Foreign-born professional sportsmen have made statements regarding Tianjin's air quality, citing it as an impediment to athletic activity and being thick enough to "taste".<ref name="Pollution and sports">{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.fourfourtwo.com/au/news/paartalu-airs-player-concerns-about-smoggy-china
 |title        = Paartalu Airs Player Concerns about Smoggy China
 |access-date   = October 14, 2010
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20141027013835/http://www.fourfourtwo.com/au/news/paartalu-airs-player-concerns-about-smoggy-china
 |archive-date = October 27, 2014
 |url-status     = dead
 |df           = mdy-all
}}</ref>
{{Clear}}