Editing Thutmose III (section)

===Campaigns 5-7: Conquest of Syria===
The fifth, sixth and seventh campaigns of Thutmose III were directed against the [[Phoenicia]]n cities in [[Syria]] and against [[Kadesh (Syria)|Kadesh]] on the [[Orontes River|Orontes]]. In Thutmose's 29th year, he began his fifth campaign, where he first took an unknown city (the name falls in a [[lacuna (manuscripts)|lacuna]]) which had been garrisoned by [[Tunip]].<ref>Breasted, James Henry. ''Ancient Records of Egypt, Vol. II'' p. 195. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1906.</ref> He then moved inland and took the city and territory around Ardata;<ref name="Redford War 217">{{harvnb|Redford|2003|p=217}}</ref> the town was pillaged and its wheatfields burned. Unlike previous plundering raids, Thutmose III garrisoned [[Djahy]], a name which probably refers to southern Syria.<ref name="Grimal 214">Grimal, Nicolas. ''A History of Ancient Egypt.'' p. 214. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988.</ref> This would have permitted him to ship supplies and troops between Syria and Egypt, and some have supposed that Thutmose's sixth campaign, in his thirtieth year, commenced with naval transport of troops directly to [[Byblos]], bypassing [[Canaan]].<ref name="Redford War 217"/> After the troops arrived in Syria, they proceeded into the Jordan River valley and moved north, pillaging Kadesh's lands.<ref name="Redford War 218">{{harvnb|Redford|2003|p=218}}.</ref> Turning west again, Thutmose took [[Simyra]] and quelled a rebellion in Ardata, which apparently had rebelled again.<ref name="Grimal 215">Grimal, Nicolas. ''A History of Ancient Egypt.'' p. 215. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988.</ref> To stop such rebellions, Thutmose began taking hostages from the cities in Syria. The policy of these cities was driven by their nobles, aligned to Mitanni and typically consisting of a king and a small number of foreign Maryannu. Thutmose III found that taking hostages from these noble families largely ensured their loyalty.<ref name="Redford War 218"/> Syria rebelled again in Thutmose's 31st year and he returned for his seventh campaign, taking the port city of Ullaza<ref name="Redford War 218"/> and the smaller Phoenician ports,<ref name="Grimal 215"/> and imposing more measures to prevent rebellion.<ref name="Redford War 218"/> By taking away the grain stores of Syria to his recently conquered harbors for support of his occupying troops and administrators,<ref name="Redford War 218"/> he left the famished cities of Syria without the means to fund further rebellions.<ref name="Redford War 219">{{harvnb|Redford|2003|p=219}}.</ref>

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| image1 = Syrians bringing presents in the tomb of Rekhmire (actual).jpg
| image2 = Syrians bringing presents in the tomb of Rekhmire.jpg
| footer = Depiction of Syrians bringing presents to Tuthmosis III, in the tomb of [[Rekhmire]], {{Circa|1400 BC}} (actual painting and interpretational drawing). They are labeled "Chiefs of [[Retjenu]]".<ref>"The foreigners of the fourth register, with long hairstyles and calf-length fringed robes, are labeled Chiefs of Retjenu, the ancient name tor the Syrian region. Like the Nubians, they come with animals, in this case horses, an elephant, and a bear; they also offer weapons and vessels most likely filled with precious substance." in {{cite book |last1=Hawass |first1=Zahi A. |last2=Vannini |first2=Sandro |title=The lost tombs of Thebes: life in paradise |date=2009 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |page=120 |isbn=9780500051597 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YjZZAAAAYAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Zakrzewski |first1=Sonia |last2=Shortland |first2=Andrew |last3=Rowland |first3=Joanne |title=Science in the Study of Ancient Egypt |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-39195-1 |page=268 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6pACwAAQBAJ&pg=PA268 |language=en}}</ref>
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