Editing Thomas Paine (section)

====Silas Deane Affair====

In what may have been an error, and perhaps even contributed to his resignation as the secretary to the Committee of Foreign Affairs, Paine was openly critical of Silas Deane, an American diplomat who had been appointed in March 1776 by the Congress to travel to France in secret. Deane's goal was to influence the French government to finance the colonists in their fight for independence. Paine largely saw Deane as a war profiteer who had little respect for principle, having been under the employ of Robert Morris, one of the primary financiers of the American Revolution and working with [[Pierre Beaumarchais]], a French royal agent sent to the colonies by King Louis to investigate the Anglo-American conflict. Paine uncovered the financial connection between Morris, who was Superintendent for Finance of the Continental Congress, and Deane.<ref name="Harlow Giles Unger 2019 p. 89">[[Harlow Giles Unger]], "Thomas Paine and the Clarion Call for American Independence," (New York: Da Capo Press, 2019), p. 89</ref>

Wealthy men, such as Robert Morris, [[John Jay]] and powerful [[merchant bank]]ers, were leaders of the Continental Congress and defended holding public positions while at the same time profiting off their own personal financial dealings with governments.<ref name="Harlow Giles Unger 2019 p. 89"/> Amongst Paine's criticisms, he had written in the ''[[Pennsylvania Packet]]'' that France had "''prefaced [their] alliance by an early and generous friendship''," referring to aid that had been provided to American colonies prior to the recognition of the Franco-American treaties. This was alleged to be effectively an embarrassment to France, which potentially could have jeopardized the alliance. John Jay, the President of the Congress, who had been a fervent supporter of Deane, immediately spoke out against Paine's comments. The controversy eventually became public, and Paine was then denounced as unpatriotic for criticizing an American revolutionary. He was even physically assaulted twice in the street by Deane supporters. This much-added stress took a large toll on Paine, who was generally of a sensitive character and he resigned as secretary to the Committee of Foreign Affairs in 1779.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Thomas Paine|author=Craig Nelson|pages=[https://archive.org/details/thomaspaineenlig0000nels/page/134 134–138]|isbn=978-0670037889|year=2006|url=https://archive.org/details/thomaspaineenlig0000nels/page/134|publisher=New York : Viking}}</ref> Paine left the Committee without even having enough money to buy food for himself.<ref>Harlow Giles Unger, "Thomas Paine and the Clarion Call for American Independence," (New York: Da Capo Press, 2019), p. 93</ref>

Much later, when Paine returned from his mission to France, Deane's corruption had become more widely acknowledged. Many, including Robert Morris, apologized to Paine, and Paine's reputation in Philadelphia was restored.<ref>Harlow Giles Unger, "Thomas Paine and the Clarion Call for American Independence," (New York: Da Capo Press, 2019), pp. 102–103</ref>