Editing Thirteen Colonies (section)

===New England===
The [[Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] were a small group of [[Puritans|Puritan]] separatists who felt that they needed to distance themselves physically from the Church of England, which they perceived as corrupted. They initially moved to the Netherlands, but eventually sailed to America in 1620 on the ''[[Mayflower]]''. Upon their arrival, they drew up the [[Mayflower Compact]], by which they bound themselves together as a united community, thus establishing the small [[Plymouth Colony]]. [[William Bradford (governor)|William Bradford]] was their main leader. After its founding, other settlers traveled from England to join the colony.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Philbrick |first=Nathaniel |title=Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War Paperback |date=2007}}</ref>

More Puritans immigrated in 1629 and established the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] with 400 settlers. They sought to reform the [[Church of England]] by creating a new, ideologically pure church in the New World. By 1640, [[Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640)|20,000 had arrived]]; many died soon after arrival, but the others found a healthy climate and an ample food supply. The Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies together spawned other Puritan colonies in New England, including the [[New Haven Colony|New Haven]], [[Saybrook Colony|Saybrook]], and [[Connecticut Colony|Connecticut]] colonies. During the 17th century, the New Haven and Saybrook colonies were absorbed by Connecticut.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bremer |first=Francis J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKly1zeyTncC |title=The Puritan Experiment: New England Society from Bradford to Edwards|date=1995 |publisher=University Press of New England |isbn=978-1-61168-086-7 |edition=Rev. |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |oclc=44954462 |access-date=2022-05-03}}</ref>

[[Roger Williams]] established Providence Plantations in 1636 on land provided by [[Narragansett people|Narragansett]] sachem [[Canonicus]]. Williams was a Puritan who preached religious tolerance, [[separation of church and state]], and a complete break with the Church of England. He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony over theological disagreements; he founded the settlement based on an egalitarian constitution, providing for majority rule "in civil things" and "liberty of conscience" in religious matters.<ref name="Barbara Taylor">{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Barbara |date=December 1998 |title=Salmon and Steelhead Runs and Related Events of the Sandy River Basin&nbsp;– A Historical Perspective |url=http://www.portlandgeneral.com/community_environment/initiatives/protecting_fish/sandy_river/docs/sandy_river_history_full.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427184240/https://www.portlandgeneral.com/community_environment/initiatives/protecting_fish/sandy_river/docs/sandy_river_history_full.pdf |archive-date=April 27, 2015 |access-date=December 18, 2010 |publisher=Portland General Electric }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Labaree |first=Benjamin Woods |title=Colonial Massachusetts: a history |date=1979}}</ref>

In 1637, a second group including [[Anne Hutchinson]] established a second settlement on [[Aquidneck Island|Rhode Island]], today called Aquidneck. [[Samuel Gorton]] and others established a settlement near Providence Plantations which they called Shawomet. However, Massachusetts Bay attempted to seize the land and put it under their own authority, so Gorton travelled to London to gain a charter from the King. [[Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick]] assisted him in gaining the charter, so he changed the name of the settlement to Warwick. Roger Williams secured a Royal Charter from the King in 1663 which united all four settlements into the [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]].

Other colonists settled to the north, mingling with adventurers and profit-oriented settlers to establish more religiously diverse colonies in [[Province of New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] and [[Province of Maine|Maine]]. Massachusetts absorbed these small settlements when it made significant land claims in the 1640s and 1650s, but New Hampshire was eventually given a separate charter in 1679. Maine remained a part of Massachusetts until achieving statehood in 1820.

In 1685, King [[James II of England]] closed the legislatures and consolidated the New England colonies into the [[Dominion of New England]], putting the region under the control of Governor [[Edmund Andros]]. In 1688, the colonies of New York, West Jersey, and East Jersey were added to the dominion. Andros was overthrown and the dominion was closed in 1689, after the [[Glorious Revolution]] deposed King James II; the former colonies were re-established.<ref name="HallLederKammen2012">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ei_qCQAAQBAJ&pg=PR3 |title=The Glorious Revolution in America: Documents on the Colonial Crisis of 1689 |date=2012 |publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=978-0-8078-3866-2 |editor-last=Michael G. Hall |pages=3–4, 39 |editor-last2=Lawrence H. Leder |editor-last3=Michael Kammen}}</ref> According to Guy Miller, the Rebellion of 1689 was the "climax of the 60-year-old struggle between the government in England and the Puritans of Massachusetts over the question of who was to rule the Bay colony."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Guy Howard |year=1968 |title=Rebellion in Zion: The Overthrow of the Dominion of New England |journal=The Historian |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=439–459 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6563.1968.tb00328.x |jstor=24441216}}</ref>