Editing The Star-Spangled Banner (section)

===Adaptations===
{{see also|The Star Spangled Banner (Whitney Houston recording)}}
[[File:Oer the ramparts we watch.jpg|thumb|''O'er the ramparts we watch'' in a 1945 [[United States Army Air Forces]] poster by [[Jes Wilhelm Schlaikjer]]]]
The first [[popular music]] performance of the anthem heard by the mainstream U.S. was by [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] singer and guitarist [[José Feliciano]]. He created a nationwide uproar when he strummed a slow, [[blues]]-style rendition of the song<ref name=pc52>{{Gilliland |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19834/m1/ |title=Show 52 – The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8] |show=52 |track=5}}</ref> at [[Tiger Stadium (Detroit)|Tiger Stadium]] in Detroit before game five of the [[1968 World Series]], between [[Detroit Tigers|Detroit]] and [[St. Louis Cardinals|St. Louis]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Paul White, USA Today Sports |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2012/10/14/jose-feliciano-star-spangled-banner-giants-cardinals-nlcs-guitar/1633487/ |title=Jose Feliciano's once-controversial anthem kicks off NLCS |publisher=Usatoday.com |date=October 14, 2012 |access-date=November 9, 2013}}</ref> This rendition started contemporary "Star-Spangled Banner" controversies. The response from many in the [[Vietnam War]]-era U.S. was generally negative. Despite the controversy, Feliciano's performance opened the door for the countless interpretations of the "Star-Spangled Banner" heard in the years since.<ref>Jose Feliciano [http://josefeliciano.com/index.php?page=anthem Personal account about the anthem performance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008220235/http://josefeliciano.com/index.php?page=anthem |date=October 8, 2015 }}</ref> One week after Feliciano's performance, the anthem was in the news again when U.S. athletes [[Tommie Smith]] and [[John Carlos]] lifted controversial [[1968 Olympics Black Power salute|raised fists at the 1968 Olympics]] while the "Star-Spangled Banner" played at a [[Olympic medal|medal ceremony]].

Rock guitarist [[Jimi Hendrix]] often included a solo instrumental performance at concerts from 1968 to his death in 1970. Using [[Distortion (music)|high gain and distortion]] amplification effects and the [[Vibrato systems for guitar|vibrato arm]] on his guitar, Hendrix was able to simulate the [[Dive bomb (guitar technique)|sounds of rockets and bombs]] at the points when the lyrics are normally heard.<ref name="Cross">{{cite book| last = Cross| first = Charles R.| author-link = Charles R. Cross| title = [[Room Full of Mirrors|Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix]]| edition = 1st. Trade Paperback| location = New York City| publisher = [[Hachette Books#Hyperion Books|Hyperion Books]]| year = 2005| isbn = 0-7868-8841-5| pages = 271–272}}</ref> One such performance at the [[Woodstock]] music festival in 1969 was a highlight of the event's [[Woodstock (film)|1970 documentary film]], becoming "part of the sixties [[Zeitgeist]]".<ref name="Cross"/> When asked about negative reactions to his "unorthodox" treatment of the anthem, Hendrix, who served briefly in the U.S. Army, responded "I'm American so I played it{{nbsp}}... Unorthodox? I thought it was beautiful, but there you go."<ref>{{cite book| last = Roby| first = Steven| year = 2012| title = Hendrix on Hendrix: Interviews and Encounters with Jimi Hendrix| location = Chicago| publisher = [[Chicago Review Press]]| isbn = 978-1-61374-322-5| pages = 221–222}}</ref> The Woodstock version by Jimi Hendrix was inducted into the [[Grammy Hall of Fame]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.grammy.com/awards/hall-of-fame-award#s |title=Grammy Hall of Fame Awards |publisher=The [[Grammy Awards]] |access-date=January 30, 2024}}</ref>

[[Marvin Gaye]] gave a [[Soul music|soul]]-influenced performance at the [[1983 NBA All-Star Game]] and [[Whitney Houston]] gave a soulful rendition before [[Super Bowl XXV]] in 1991, which was released as a single that charted at number 20 in 1991 and number 6 in 2001 (along with [[José Feliciano]], the only times the national anthem has been on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shackleford |first=Tom |date=2023-02-13 |title=Marvin Gaye Spices Up "The Star-Spangled Banner" At NBA All-Star Game, On This Day In 1983 [Watch] |url=https://liveforlivemusic.com/news/marvin-gaye-star-spangled-banner-on-this-day-1983/ |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=L4LM |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Roseanne Barr]] gave a controversial performance of the anthem at a [[San Diego Padres]] baseball game at [[Jack Murphy Stadium]] on July 25, 1990. The comedian belted out a screechy rendition of the song, and afterward, she mocked ballplayers by spitting and grabbing her crotch as if adjusting a [[Jockstrap|protective cup]]. The performance offended some, including the sitting U.S. president, [[George H. W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-28-me-537-story.html |title=Roseanne Is Sorry – but Not That Sorry |author=Letofsky, Irv |date=July 28, 1990 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=September 14, 2012}}</ref> [[Steven Tyler]] also caused some controversy in 2001 (at the [[Indianapolis 500]], to which he later issued a public apology) and again in 2012 (at the [[AFC Championship Game]]) with [[a cappella]] renditions of the song with changed lyrics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spinner.com/2012/01/23/steven-tyler-national-anthem/ |title=AOL Radio – Listen to Free Online Radio – Free Internet Radio Stations and Music Playlists |publisher=Spinner.com |access-date=November 9, 2013 |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525222913/http://www.spinner.com/2012/01/23/steven-tyler-national-anthem/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

At [[Super Bowl XLVIII]]'s pre-game ceremonies in 2014, soprano [[Renée Fleming]] became the first opera singer to perform the National Anthem at a [[American football|football]] game, and her emotional, groundbreaking performance (one of the most critically acclaimed renditions of all time) led the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox network]] to the highest ratings of any program in the company's history and remains so today.  In 2016, [[Aretha Franklin]] performed a rendition before the nationally-televised [[Lions–Vikings rivalry|Minnesota Vikings-Detroit Lions]] [[American football on Thanksgiving|Thanksgiving Day game]] lasting more than four minutes and featuring a host of improvisations. It was one of Franklin's last public appearances before her 2018 death.<ref>{{cite web|title=That time Aretha Franklin dazzled America on Thanksgiving with national anthem|url=http://www.fox2detroit.com/news/local-news/that-time-aretha-franklin-dazzled-america-on-thanksgiving-with-national-anthem|publisher=WJBK|access-date=August 13, 2018|date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> [[Black Eyed Peas]] singer [[Fergie (singer)|Fergie]] gave a controversial performance of the anthem in 2018. Critics likened her rendition to a jazzy "sexed-up" version of the anthem, which was considered highly inappropriate, with her performance compared to that of [[Marilyn Monroe]]'s 1962 performance of "[[Happy Birthday, Mr. President]]". Fergie later apologized for her performance of the song, stating that <nowiki>''I'm a risk taker artistically, but clearly this rendition didn'</nowiki>t strike the intended tone".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-43125698|title=Fergie apologises for national anthem|date=February 20, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=October 1, 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref>

In March 2005, a government-sponsored program, the [[National Anthem Project]], was launched after a [[Harris Insights & Analytics|Harris Interactive]] poll showed many adults knew neither the lyrics nor the history of the anthem.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tnap.org/factsheet.html |title=Harris Interactive poll on "The Star-Spangled Banner" |publisher=Tnap.org |access-date=June 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112200114/http://www.tnap.org/factsheet.html |archive-date=January 12, 2011 }}</ref>