Editing The Katzenjammer Kids (section)

=== ''The Katzenjammer Kids'' ===
====Live-action films====
The ''Katzenjammer Kids'' characters initially appeared outside comics in two live-action silent films. The first film, titled ''The Katzenjammer Kids in School'' released in 1898, was made for the [[Biograph Company]] by William George Bitzer. The second film, titled ''The Katzenjammer Kids in Love'', was released in 1900.<ref>{{cite journal|author-link1=Maurice Horn|last=Horn|first=Maurice|title=Comics and Cinema: The Beginnings (1896–1913)|journal=International Journal of Comic Art|date=15 October 2007|volume=9|issue=2|pages=60}}</ref>
====Theatrical animated shorts====
Between December 1916 and August 1918, a total of 37 ''Katzenjammer Kids'' silent cartoon shorts were produced by [[William Randolph Hearst]]'s own cartoon studio [[International Film Service]], which adapted Hearst's well-known comic strips.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lenburg |first1=Jeff |title=The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons |date=1999 |publisher=Checkmark Books |isbn=0-8160-3831-7 |access-date=6 June 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816038312/page/32/mode/2up |pages=33–34}}</ref> The series was retired in 1918 at the height of the characters' popularity – partly because of the growing tension against titles with German associations after World War I. The comic strip was briefly renamed ''The Shenanigan Kids'' around this time, and in 1920 another five cartoons were produced under this title. All ''Katzenjammer Kids''/''Shenanigan Kids'' cartoons from International Film Services were directed (and most likely also animated) by [[Gregory La Cava]]. The series was transferred and continued by Bray Productions in 1920.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shenanigan Kids |url=http://brayanimation.weebly.com/shenanigan-kids.html |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=The Bray Animation Project |language=en}}</ref>

====Television====
The Katzenjammer Kids also appeared (along with other King Features comic-strip stars) in Hal Seeger's TV special ''[[Popeye Meets the Man Who Hated Laughter]]'' (1972).