Editing The Hunting of the Snark (section)

== Reception and legacy ==
The first printing of ''The Hunting of the Snark'' consisted of 10,000 copies.{{sfn|Clark|1979|pp=198–9}} By the conclusion of 1876, it had seen two reprints, with a total of 18,000<ref name="Dodgson handbook">{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Sidney Herbert |last2=Madan |first2=Falconer |year=1979 |title=Handbook of the literature of the Rev. C.L. Dodgson |location=[[Folkestone, England]] |publisher=Dawson |page=[https://archive.org/details/lewiscarrollhand00will_0/page/68 68] |isbn=978-0-7129-0906-8 |oclc=5754676 |url=https://archive.org/details/lewiscarrollhand00will_0/page/68 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> or 19,000&nbsp;copies circulating.{{sfn|Clark|1979|pp=198–9}} In total, the poem was reprinted seventeen times between 1876 and 1908.<ref name="Dodgson handbook"/>

''The Hunting of the Snark'' received largely mixed reviews from Carroll's contemporary reviewers.<ref name="Hark the Snark"/> ''[[The Academy (periodical)|The Academy]]''{{'}}s [[Andrew Lang]] criticised Carroll's decision to use poetry instead of prose and its too appealing title.<ref name="Hark the Snark"/> ''[[Athenaeum (British magazine)|The Athenaeum]]'' described it as "the most bewildering of modern poetry", wondering "if he has merely been inspired to reduce to idiotcy as many readers and more especially reviewers, as possible".<ref name="Hark the Snark"/> According to ''[[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', Carroll's work had progressively worsened after ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' (1865), with ''The Hunting of the Snark'' being the worst of his works and "not worthy [of] the name of nonsense".<ref name="Hark the Snark"/> While ''[[The Spectator]]''  wrote that the poem's final line had the potential to become a [[proverb]], it criticised the poem as "a failure" that might have succeeded with more work from the author.<ref name="Hark the Snark"/> ''[[Saturday Review (London)|The Saturday Review]]'' wrote that the poem offered "endless speculation" as to the true identity of the Snark, although the unnamed reviewer felt that the familiar nature of Carroll's nonsense weakened its effect for the reader.<ref name="Hark the Snark"/> Conversely, ''[[The Graphic]]'' praised the poem as a welcome departure from the ''Alice'' books, and called it "a glorious piece of nonsense", that could appeal to all ''Alice'' fans.<ref name="Hark the Snark"/>

"The Hunting of the Snark" has in common some elements with Carroll's other works. It shares its author's love of puns on the word "fit" with ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'',{{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=12}} and mentions of "candle-ends" and "toasted cheese" with his supernatural poem ''[[Phantasmagoria (poem)|Phantasmagoria]]''.{{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=22}} Additionally all three works include the number "[[42 (number)#Popular culture|42]]".{{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=37}} Another of Carroll's children's novels, ''[[Sylvie and Bruno Concluded]]'' (1893) makes a reference to the Boojum.{{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=34}}

Other illustrators of ''The Hunting of the Snark'' include [[Peter Newell]] (1903), Edward A. Wilson (1932), [[Mervyn Peake]] (1941), Aldren Watson (1952), [[Tove Jansson]] (1959), [[Helen Oxenbury]] (1970), Byron Sewell (1974), John Minnion (1974), [[Harold Jones (artist)|Harold Jones]] (1975), [[Ralph Steadman]] (1975), [[Quentin Blake]] (1976), [[Frank Hinder]] (1989) and Brian Puttock (1997).<ref name="Listing & Translations"/>

=== Cultural impact ===
<!-- Please, let's limit any mentions to major ones, not minor ones (e.g. one line by one character) Thank you. :) -->
[[File:Cirio columnaris, boojum tree.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Boojum tree]] in [[Baja California]], Mexico, takes its name from the poem.{{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=35}}]]

''The Hunting of the Snark'' has seen various adaptations into musicals, opera, theatre, plays, and music,<ref name="Listing & Translations">{{cite book |author-last=Greenarce |author-first=Selwyn |orig-date=1876 |chapter=The Listing of the Snark |editor-first=Martin |editor-last=Gardner |editor-link=Martin Gardner |year=2006 |title=The Annotated Hunting of the Snark |isbn=0-393-06242-2 |publisher=W. W. Norton |edition= Definitive |pages=117–147}}</ref> including a piece for trombone by Norwegian composer [[Arne Nordheim]] (1975)<ref>{{cite web |first=Arne |last=Nordheim |title=Nordheim list of works |publisher=Arnenordheim.com |url=http://www.arnenordheim.com/list.htm |access-date=7 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207061314/http://www.arnenordheim.com/list.htm |archive-date=7 February 2012 }}</ref> a jazz rendition (2009),<ref>{{cite web |title=NYNDK {{pipe}} The Hunting of the Snark |publisher=All About Jazz |date=13 December 2009 |url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=34946 |access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref> and (in French translation{{snd}}''La chasse au Snark'') with music by [[Michel Puig]] for five actresses, eight actors and an instrumental ensemble of five players, premiered at the [[Festival d'Avignon]] in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |title=La Chasse au Snark |website=[[Centre de documentation de la musique contemporaine]] |url=http://catalogue.cdmc.asso.fr/EXPLOITATION/doc/ALOES/0041390/chasse-au-snark-la |access-date=6 May 2018}}</ref> The poem was turned into a £2&nbsp;million budget West End musical ''[[The Hunting of the Snark (musical)|The Hunting of the Snark]]'' by Mike Batt. In 2023 a film was released by Simon Davison.<ref>Internet Movie Database: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt22171734/</ref><ref name="TheSnarkologistV001F005">{{cite periodical |last=DaVison |first=Simon |date=April 2023 |title=The Hunting of the Snark: a New Film Adaption |periodical=The Snarkologist |volume=1, Fit 5 |pages= 34–35 |issn=2564-0011 |url=https://snarkology.net/journal/v1f5/}}</ref>

The poem has inspired literature, such as Jack London's ''[[The Cruise of the Snark]]'' (1911),<ref name="Listing & Translations"/> the [[science-fiction]] short story "Chaos, Coordinated" (1947) by [[John MacDougal]],{{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=16}} [[Elspeth Huxley]]'s ''With Forks and Hope'' (1964){{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=42}} and the title of [[Kate Wilhelm]]'s novella "With Thimbles, with Forks and Hope."<ref>{{cite book |last=Wilhelm |first=Kate |year=1984 |title=Listen, listen |publisher=Berkley Books |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-425-07327-0 |oclc=11638445}}</ref> American author [[Edith Wharton]] (1862–1937) was fond of the poem as a child.{{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=16}}

Additionally, it has also been alluded to in

* fiction, such as ''[[Perelandra]]'' (1943) by [[C. S. Lewis]];<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=C.S. |author-link=C. S. Lewis |year=1943 |title=Perelandra |title-link=Perelandra |series=Cosmic Trilogy |publisher=[[The Bodley Head]] |location=London, UK |page=14}}</ref> and ''[[Stand on Zanzibar]]'' by [[John Brunner (novelist)|John Brunner]]; in the sci-fi novel ''[[Startide Rising]]'' (1983) and its sequels the spaceship ''Streaker'' is described as a Snarkhunter-class exploration vessel. [[In the Ocean of Night]] [[Benford]] it is rather prominent. In the 1966 short story "Jonah" ("Jonas" in French) by [[Gérard Klein]], "snark" is a term used for [[bioship]]s that go berserk.
* television, such as "[[List of Lewis episodes#Series 6: 2012|The Soul of Genius]]" episode of the British TV crime drama ''[[Lewis (TV series)|Lewis]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Lacob |first=Jace |date=5 July 2012 |title='Inspector Lewis' on PBS's 'Masterpiece Mystery': TV's Smartest Sleuths |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/05/inspector-lewis-on-pbs-masterpiece-mystery-tv-s-smartest-sleuths.html |access-date=9 July 2012}}</ref>
* court rulings, such as in [[Parhat v. Gates]] (2008)<ref name=CnnSnark2008-06-08>

{{cite news
| url         = http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/06/30/court.poem/
| title       = Court cites nonsense poem in ruling for Gitmo detainee
| publisher   = [[CNN]]
| author      = Bill Mears
| date        = 30 June 2008
| access-date  = 22 August 2012
| archive-date = 4 November 2012
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104110037/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/06/30/court.poem/
| url-status = live
| quote       = A federal appeals court has slammed the reliability of U.S. government intelligence documents, saying just because officials keep repeating their assertions does not make them true.
}}
</ref>

* a [[Boojum (superfluidity)|phenomenon in superfluidity]]<ref>{{cite book |first=N. David |last=Mermin |year=1990 |title=Boojums all the way through: Communicating science in a prosaic age |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-38880-5 |page=xii |url=https://archive.org/details/boojumsallwaythr0000merm |url-access=registration}}</ref>
* [[Snark (graph theory)|graph theory]], by the recreational mathematician [[Martin Gardner]]<ref>{{cite magazine |author-link=Martin Gardner |first=Martin |last=Gardner|year=1976 |title=Mathematical Games |title-link=Mathematical Games |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |issue=234 |volume=4 |pages=126–130 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0476-126 |bibcode=1976SciAm.234d.126G}}</ref>
* hydrology,<ref>{{cite journal

| last1      = Andréassian
| first1     = Vazken
| last2      = Le Moine
| first2     = Nicolas
| last3      = Mathevet
| first3     = Thibault
| last4      = Lerat
| first4     = Julien
| last5      = Berthet
| first5     = Lionel
| last6      = Perrin
| first6     = Charles
| year       = 2009
| title      = The hunting of the hydrological snark
| journal    = Hydrological Processes
| volume     = 23
| issue      = 4
| pages      = 651–654
| doi        = 10.1002/hyp.7217
| bibcode = 2009HyPr...23..651A
| s2cid = 128947665
}}</ref> with a group of French hydrologists publishing in a well-known scientific journal a prose analogue to Carroll's poem, mocking the rivalries existing in the academic community

* geography, a Snark Island and Boojum Rock exist in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]]
* botany, the [[Boojum tree]] in [[Baja California]], Mexico{{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=35}}  {{sfn|Gardner|2006|page=xxv}}
* [[Anime|Japanese animation]], such as ''[[Ghost Hound]]'' (2007–08)<ref>{{cite episode |title=[[List of Ghost Hound episodes#Episode list|For the Snark was a Boojum, you see]] |series=Ghost Hound |series-link=Ghost Hound |network=[[WOWOW]]| date=2008 |season=1 |number=13 |lang=ja}}</ref>
* video games, such as ''[[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]]'' (1998)<ref>{{cite web |title=Half-Life enemies |publisher=[[IGN Entertainment]] |work=[[GameSpy]] |url=http://planethalflife.gamespy.com/View.php?view=HLGameInfo.Detail&id=7&game=4 |access-date=11 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410063004/http://planethalflife.gamespy.com/View.php?view=HLGameInfo.Detail&id=7&game=4 |archive-date=10 April 2010 }}</ref> and ''[[American McGee's Alice]]'' (2000)<ref>{{cite web |title=Enemies |series=Gameinfo |work=Down the Rabbit Hole |publisher=Gamespy |url=http://alice.planets.gamespy.com/info/enemies.shtml |access-date=2 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406132610/http://alice.planets.gamespy.com/info/enemies.shtml |archive-date=6 April 2009}}</ref>
* A song, "[[Nine Funerals of the Citizen King]]", by [[Henry Cow]].<ref name=Masters>{{cite book |first=Marc |last=Masters |year=2007 |title=No Wave |publisher=Black Dog |page=334  |isbn=978-1-906155-02-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvs4AQAAIAAJ}}</ref>