Editing Tel Aviv (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Tel_Aviv,_Israel_by_Planet_Labs.jpg|thumb|Tel Aviv seen from space in 2016]]
Tel Aviv is located around {{Coord|32|5|N|34|48|E|}} on the [[Israeli coastal plain|Israeli Mediterranean coastline]], in central Israel, the [[Via Maris|historic land bridge]] between Europe, Asia and Africa. Immediately north of the ancient port of Jaffa, Tel Aviv lies on land that used to be sand dunes and as such has relatively poor [[fertility (soil)|soil fertility]]. The land has been flattened and has no important gradients; its most notable geographical features are bluffs above the Mediterranean coastline and the [[Yarkon River]] mouth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About+Israel/Cities/Tel+Aviv.htm |title=Tel Aviv |publisher=[[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] |access-date=26 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013102915/http://jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About%2BIsrael/Cities/Tel%2BAviv.htm |archive-date=13 October 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Because of the expansion of Tel Aviv and the Gush Dan region, absolute borders between Tel Aviv and Jaffa and between the city's neighborhoods do not exist.

The city is located {{cvt|60|km|mi|0|sp=us}} northwest of Jerusalem and {{cvt|90|km|mi|0|sp=us}} south of the city of [[Haifa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html |title=Cities located close to Tel Aviv |access-date=26 January 2008 |website=TimeandDate.com |archive-date=10 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210031731/http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/distances.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Neighboring cities and towns include [[Herzliya]] to the north, [[Ramat HaSharon]] to the northeast, [[Petah Tikva]], [[Bnei Brak]], [[Ramat Gan]] and [[Giv'atayim]] to the east, [[Holon]] to the southeast, and [[Bat Yam]] to the south.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.science.co.il/Israel-map-Carta.asp |title=Map of Israel |access-date=15 March 2008 |publisher=Carta |archive-date=23 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323045048/http://www.science.co.il/Israel-map-Carta.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> The city is economically stratified between the north and south. Southern Tel Aviv is considered less affluent than northern Tel Aviv with the exception of [[Neve Tzedek]] and northern and north-western [[Jaffa]]. Central Tel Aviv is home to [[Azrieli Center]] and the important financial and commerce district along [[Highway 20 (Israel)|Ayalon Highway]]. The northern side of Tel Aviv is home to [[Tel Aviv University]], [[Yarkon Park]], and upscale residential neighborhoods such as [[Ramat Aviv]] and [[Afeka]].<ref name="yarkoni">{{cite web |last=Yarkoni |first=Amir |title=Real Estate in Tel Aviv – continued |work=Tel Aviv Insider |access-date=22 July 2008 |url=http://www.telaviv-insider.co.il/real-estate-2.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624050534/http://www.telaviv-insider.co.il/real-estate-2.php |archive-date=24 June 2008}}</ref>

===Environment===
[[File:Soldiers cleaning beach.jpg|thumb|[[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] soldiers cleaning the beaches at Tel Aviv, which have scored highly in environmental tests<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/english/Documents/Beaches%20_2_.pdf |title=Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, Beaches |access-date=23 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712111803/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/english/Documents/Beaches%20_2_.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2012}}</ref>]]

Tel Aviv is ranked as the [[Sustainable city|greenest city]] in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000637815&fid=1725 |title=Tel Aviv ranked Israel's greenest city |date=11 April 2011 |newspaper=Globes |access-date=11 April 2011 |archive-date=5 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005083637/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000637815&fid=1725 |url-status=live }}</ref> Since 2008, city lights are turned off annually in support of [[Earth Hour]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=969276&contrassID=1&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=0 |title=Tel Aviv goes dark as part of global 'Earth Hour' campaign |date=30 March 2008 |newspaper=Haaretz |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080330175255/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=969276&contrassID=1&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=0 |archive-date=30 March 2008}}</ref> In February 2009, the municipality launched a water saving campaign, including competition granting free parking for a year to the household that is found to have consumed the least water per person.<ref name=senyorwater>{{Cite news |last=Senyor |first=Eli |title=Tel Aviv launches water saving campaign |work=Ynetnews |date=22 February 2009 |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3675380,00.html |access-date=27 February 2009 |archive-date=25 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225042502/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3675380,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the early 21st century, Tel Aviv's municipality transformed a derelict [[power station]] into a public park, now named "Gan HaHashmal" ("Electricity Park"), paving the way for [[Ecology|eco-friendly]] and environmentally conscious designs.<ref name="FT">[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4d8eb606-70ae-11dd-b514-0000779fd18c.html?nclick_check=1 Electric Tel Aviv], by David Kaufman, ''[[Financial Times]]'', 12 February 2008.</ref> In October 2008, Martin Weyl turned an old garbage dump near [[Ben Gurion International Airport]], called [[Hiriya]], into an attraction by building an arc of plastic bottles.<ref name="NYTPlastic">[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/world/middleeast/24dump.html?_r=1&scp=4&sq=israel%20plastic&st=cse Recycling in Israel, Not Just Trash, but the Whole Dump] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130151307/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/world/middleeast/24dump.html?_r=1&scp=4&sq=israel%20plastic&st=cse |date=30 January 2017 }}, by Isabel Kershner, 24 October 2007.</ref> The site, which was renamed [[Ariel Sharon Park]] to honor Israel's former prime minister, will serve as the centerpiece in what is to become a {{cvt|2000|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[urban wilderness]] on the outskirts of Tel Aviv, designed by German [[landscape architect]], [[Peter Latz]].<ref name="NYTPlastic"/>

At the end of the 20th century, the city began restoring historical neighborhoods such as [[Neve Tzedek]] and many buildings from the 1920s and 1930s. Since 2007, the city hosts its well-known, annual [[Open House Tel Aviv]] weekend, which offers the general public free entrance to the city's famous landmarks, private houses and public buildings. In 2010, the design of the renovated Tel Aviv Port (''Nemal Tel Aviv'') won the award for outstanding landscape architecture at the European Biennial for Landscape Architecture in [[Barcelona]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Dvir |first=Noam |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israelis-win-barcelona-landscape-architecture-prize-1.316789 |title=Israelis win Barcelona landscape prize |work=Haaretz |date=3 October 2010 |access-date=3 October 2010 |archive-date=6 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006135453/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israelis-win-barcelona-landscape-architecture-prize-1.316789 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2014, the Sarona Market Complex opened, following an 8-year renovation project of [[Sarona (colony)|Sarona colony]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/sarona-from-templars-to-nazis-government-terror-and-hopefully-to-tranquility/ |title=Sarona: From Templers, to Nazis, government, terror and, hopefully, to tranquility |newspaper=The Times of Israel |date=18 June 2016 |access-date=13 June 2017 |archive-date=30 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330023516/http://www.timesofisrael.com/sarona-from-templars-to-nazis-government-terror-and-hopefully-to-tranquility/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{wide image|Yarkon Park Aerial 01.jpg|750px|[[Yarkon Park]] from [[Kiryat Atidim]] to the Mediterranean Sea}}

===Climate===
[[File:PikiWiki_Israel_52846_cities_in_israel.jpg|thumb|[[Rainstorm]] in Tel Aviv]]
Tel Aviv has a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Csa),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3471/ |title=Climate: Tel Aviv-Yafo – Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table |website=Climate-data.org |access-date=29 November 2014 |archive-date=5 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205070719/http://en.climate-data.org/location/3471/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and enjoys plenty of sunshine throughout the year. Most precipitation falls in the form of rain between the months of October and April, with intervening dry summers, and there is almost no rainfall from June to September. The average annual temperature is {{cvt|20.9|C}}, and the average sea temperature is {{cvt|18–20|C}} during the winter, and {{cvt|24–29|C}} during the summer. The city averages {{cvt|528|mm|inch|sp=us|1}} of precipitation annually.

Summers in Tel Aviv last about five months, from June to October. August, the warmest month, averages a high of {{cvt|30.6|C}}, and a low of {{cvt|25|C}}. The high relative humidity due to the location of the city by the Mediterranean Sea, in a combination with the high temperatures, creates a [[Thermal comfort|thermal discomfort]] during the summer. Summer low temperatures in Tel Aviv seldom drop below {{cvt|20|C}}.

Winters are mild and wet, with most of the annual precipitation falling within the months of December, January and February as intense rainfall and thunderstorms. In January, the coolest month, the average maximum temperature is {{cvt|17.6|C}}, the minimum temperature averages {{cvt|10.2|C}}. During the coldest days of winter, temperatures may vary between {{cvt|8|C}} and {{cvt|12|C}}. Both freezing temperatures and snowfall are extremely rare in the city.

Autumns and springs are characterized by sharp temperature changes, with heat waves that might be created due to hot and dry air masses that arrive from the nearby deserts. During heatwaves in autumn and springs, temperatures usually climb up to {{cvt|35|C}} and even up to {{cvt|40|C}}, accompanied with exceptionally low humidity. An average day during autumn and spring has a high of {{cvt|23|C}} to {{cvt|25|C}}, and a low of {{cvt|15|C}} to {{cvt|18|C}}.

The highest recorded temperature in Tel Aviv was {{cvt|46.5|C}} on 17 May 1916, and the lowest is {{cvt|−1.9|C}} on 7 February 1950, during a cold wave that brought the [[Snow in Israel#History|only recorded snowfall]] in Tel Aviv.

{{Weather box
|location = Tel Aviv (Temperature: 1987–2010, Precipitation: 1980–2010)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes

|Jan record high C= 30.0
|Feb record high C= 33.2
|Mar record high C= 38.3
|Apr record high C= 43.9
|May record high C= 46.5
|Jun record high C= 44.4
|Jul record high C= 37.4
|Aug record high C= 41.4
|Sep record high C= 42.0
|Oct record high C= 44.4
|Nov record high C= 35.6
|Dec record high C= 33.5

|Jan avg record high C= 23.6
|Feb avg record high C= 25.0
|Mar avg record high C= 30.4
|Apr avg record high C= 35.5
|May avg record high C= 32.4
|Jun avg record high C= 30.8
|Jul avg record high C= 31.6
|Aug avg record high C= 31.8
|Sep avg record high C= 32.0
|Oct avg record high C= 32.9
|Nov avg record high C= 29.2
|Dec avg record high C= 23.8

|time day = 1200 GMT
|Jan humidity= 72
|Feb humidity= 70
|Mar humidity= 65
|Apr humidity= 60
|May humidity= 63
|Jun humidity= 67
|Jul humidity= 70
|Aug humidity= 67
|Sep humidity= 60
|Oct humidity= 65
|Nov humidity= 68
|Dec humidity= 73

|Jan high C= 17.5
|Feb high C= 17.7
|Mar high C= 19.2
|Apr high C= 22.8
|May high C= 24.9
|Jun high C= 27.5
|Jul high C= 29.4
|Aug high C= 30.2
|Sep high C= 29.4
|Oct high C= 27.3
|Nov high C= 23.4
|Dec high C= 19.2

|Jan mean C= 12.9
|Feb mean C= 13.4
|Mar mean C= 16.4
|Apr mean C= 19.2
|May mean C= 21.8
|Jun mean C= 24.8
|Jul mean C= 27.0
|Aug mean C= 27.8
|Sep mean C= 26.5
|Oct mean C= 22.7
|Nov mean C= 17.6
|Dec mean C= 13.9

|Jan low C= 9.6
|Feb low C= 9.8
|Mar low C= 11.5
|Apr low C= 14.4
|May low C= 17.3
|Jun low C= 20.6
|Jul low C= 23.0
|Aug low C= 23.7
|Sep low C= 22.5
|Oct low C= 19.1
|Nov low C= 14.6
|Dec low C= 11.2

|Jan avg record low C= 6.6
|Feb avg record low C= 7.3
|Mar avg record low C= 8.3
|Apr avg record low C= 10.7
|May avg record low C= 14.0
|Jun avg record low C= 18.3
|Jul avg record low C= 22.2
|Aug avg record low C= 23.3
|Sep avg record low C= 20.6
|Oct avg record low C= 16.2
|Nov avg record low C= 10.9
|Dec avg record low C= 7.8

|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm= 147
|Feb rain mm= 111
|Mar rain mm= 62
|Apr rain mm= 16
|May rain mm= 4
|Jun rain mm= 0
|Jul rain mm= 0
|Aug rain mm= 0
|Sep rain mm= 1
|Oct rain mm= 34
|Nov rain mm= 81
|Dec rain mm= 127

|unit rain days = 0.1 mm
|Jan rain days= 15
|Feb rain days= 13
|Mar rain days= 10
|Apr rain days= 4
|May rain days= 2
|Jun rain days= 0
|Jul rain days= 0
|Aug rain days= 0
|Sep rain days= 0
|Oct rain days= 6
|Nov rain days= 9
|Dec rain days= 12

|Jan sun= 192.2
|Feb sun= 200.1
|Mar sun= 235.6
|Apr sun= 270.0
|May sun= 328.6
|Jun sun= 357.0
|Jul sun= 368.9
|Aug sun= 356.5
|Sep sun= 300.0
|Oct sun= 279.0
|Nov sun= 234.0
|Dec sun= 189.1

|source 1= ''Israel Meteorological Service''<ref name="ims">{{cite web |url=http://ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo |title=Averages and Records for Tel Aviv (Precipitation, Temperature and Records written in the page) |publisher=Israel Meteorological Service |access-date=1 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914010915/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo |archive-date=14 September 2010}} {{in lang|he}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael |title=Extremes for Tel Aviv [Records of February and May] |publisher=Israel Meteorological Service |access-date=2 August 2015 |archive-date=10 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710130329/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael/ |url-status=live }} {{in lang|he}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/TempNormals.htm |title=Temperature average |publisher=Israel Meteorological Service |access-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618145923/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/TempNormals.htm |archive-date=18 June 2013}} {{in lang|he}}</ref><ref name="Precipitation average">{{cite web |url=http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/RainNormals.htm |title=Precipitation average |access-date=12 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925080227/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/ClimaticAtlas/RainNormals.htm |archive-date=25 September 2011}} {{in lang|he}}</ref>
|source 2= ''[[Hong Kong Observatory]]'' for data of sunshine hours<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/gr_tu/tel_aviv_e.htm |title=Climatological Information for Tel Aviv, Israel |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |access-date=2 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114737/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/gr_tu/tel_aviv_e.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Tel Aviv the West Coast (2005–2014)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes

|Jan record high C= 27.7
|Feb record high C= 31.8
|Mar record high C= 38.3
|Apr record high C= 39.1
|May record high C= 38.4
|Jun record high C= 36.7
|Jul record high C= 31.7
|Aug record high C= 32.5
|Sep record high C= 34.1
|Oct record high C= 39.5
|Nov record high C= 34.0
|Dec record high C= 29.5

|Jan high C= 18.3
|Feb high C= 18.9
|Mar high C= 20.7
|Apr high C= 22.6
|May high C= 24.4
|Jun high C= 27.1
|Jul high C= 29.0
|Aug high C= 29.9
|Sep high C= 29.0
|Oct high C= 26.9
|Nov high C= 23.9
|Dec high C= 20.3

|Jan mean C= 14.7
|Feb mean C= 15.4
|Mar mean C= 17.2
|Apr mean C= 19.3
|May mean C= 21.7
|Jun mean C= 24.7
|Jul mean C= 26.9
|Aug mean C= 27.6
|Sep mean C= 26.5
|Oct mean C= 23.8
|Nov mean C= 20.2
|Dec mean C= 16.6

|Jan low C= 11.1
|Feb low C= 11.9
|Mar low C= 13.6
|Apr low C= 16.0
|May low C= 18.9
|Jun low C= 22.4
|Jul low C= 24.7
|Aug low C= 25.4
|Sep low C= 24.1
|Oct low C= 20.7
|Nov low C= 16.5
|Dec low C= 12.8

|Jan record low C= 4.2
|Feb record low C= 5.2
|Mar record low C= 7.2
|Apr record low C= 10.3
|May record low C= 13.1
|Jun record low C= 18.8
|Jul record low C= 21.6
|Aug record low C= 22.5
|Sep record low C= 20.1
|Oct record low C= 15.1
|Nov record low C= 10.2
|Dec record low C= 4.0

|source 1= ''Israel Meteorological Service databases''<ref name="imsdb">{{cite web |url=https://data.gov.il/ims |title=Israel Meteorological Service databases |publisher=Israel Meteorological Service |access-date=31 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119205142/https://data.gov.il/ims |archive-date=19 November 2015 |url-status=dead}} {{in lang|he}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/ODOT/Stations/402.htm |title=Tel Aviv the West Coast |publisher=Israel Meteorological Service |access-date=15 August 2007 |archive-date=24 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024122213/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/ODOT/Stations/402.htm |url-status=live }} {{in lang|he}}</ref>
}}

{|class="wikitable"
|+Tel Aviv mean sea temperature ˚C (˚F)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/israel/tel-aviv-november.htm |title=Tel Aviv Sea Temperature November Average, Israel – Sea Temperatures |website=Seatemperature.org |access-date=16 November 2014 |archive-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229080400/http://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/israel/tel-aviv-november.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
|- style="font-size:115%; text-align: center;"
| style="{{weather box/colt|18.8}}" | 18.8<br />(65.8)
| style="{{weather box/colt|17.6}}" | 17.6<br />(63.7)
| style="{{weather box/colt|17.9}}" | 17.9<br />(64.2)
| style="{{weather box/colt|18.6}}" | 18.6<br />(65.5)
| style="{{weather box/colt|21.2}}" | 21.2<br />(70.2)
| style="{{weather box/colt|24.9}}" | 24.9<br />(76.8)
| style="{{weather box/colt|27.4}}" | 27.4<br />(81.3)
| style="{{weather box/colt|28.6}}" | 28.6<br />(83.5)
| style="{{weather box/colt|28.2}}" | 28.2<br />(82.8)
| style="{{weather box/colt|26.3}}" | 26.3<br />(79.3)
| style="{{weather box/colt|23.2}}" | 23.2<br />(73.8)
| style="{{weather box/colt|20.6}}" | 20.6<br />(69.1)
|}