Editing Tears (section)

== Pathology ==

=== Bogorad's syndrome ===
Bogorad's syndrome, also known as "Crocodile Tears Syndrome", is an uncommon consequence of nerve regeneration subsequent to [[Bell's palsy]] or other damage to the [[facial nerve]]. Efferent fibers from the [[superior salivary nucleus]] become improperly connected to nerve axons projecting to the [[lacrimal glands]], causing one to shed tears ([[lacrimate]]) on the side of the palsy during salivation while smelling foods or eating. It is presumed{{By whom|date=May 2019}} that this would cause salivation while crying due to the inverse improper connection of the lacrimal nucleus to the salivary glands, but this would be less noticeable.<ref name="Crocodile tears syndrome" /><ref name="McCoy 58–62" /> The condition was first described in 1926 by its namesake, Russian neuropathologist F. A. Bogorad, in an article titled "Syndrome of the Crocodile Tears" (alternatively, "The Symptom of the Crocodile Tears") that argued the tears were caused by the act of salivation.<ref>F. A. Bogorad (trans Austin Seckersen), "The symptom of crocodile tears", ''Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences'', 02/1979; 34(1):74-9.</ref><ref>Lester Allen Russin, "Paroxysmal Lacrimation During Eating as a Sequal of Facial Palysyndrome of Crocodile Tears", JAMA. 1939;113(26):2310-2311.</ref>

=== Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) ===
[[Keratoconjunctivitis sicca]], known in the vernacular as dry eye, is a very common disorder of the tear film. Despite the eyes being dry, those affected can still experience watering of the eyes, which is, in fact, a response to irritation caused by the original tear film deficiency. Lack of Meibomian gland secretion can mean that the tears are not enveloped in a hydrophobic film coat, leading to tears spilling onto the face.

Treatment for dry eyes to compensate for the loss of tear film include eye-drops composed of methyl cellulose or carboxy- methyl cellulose or hemi-cellulose in strengths of either 0.5% or 1% depending upon the severity of drying up of the cornea.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

=== Familial dysautonomia ===
[[Familial dysautonomia]] is a genetic condition that can be associated with a lack of overflow tears ([[Alacrima]]) during emotional crying.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Felicia B Axelrod|author2=Gabrielle Gold-von Simson|date=October 3, 2007|title=Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies: types II, III, and IV|journal=Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases|volume=2|issue=39|pages=39|doi=10.1186/1750-1172-2-39|pmc=2098750|pmid=17915006 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Obstruction of the [[Lacrimal punctum|punctum]], [[nasolacrimal canal]], or [[nasolacrimal duct]] can cause even normal levels of the basal tear to overflow onto the face ([[epiphora (medicine)|Epiphora]]), giving the appearance of constant psychic tearing. This can have significant social consequences.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

=== Pseudobulbar affect ===
[[Pseudobulbar affect]] (PBA) is a condition involving episodic uncontrollable laughter or crying. PBA mostly occurs in people with neurological injuries affecting how the brain controls emotions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudobulbar-affect/symptoms-causes/syc-20353737|title=Pseudobulbar affect - Symptoms and causes|website=Mayo Clinic|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> Scientists believe PBA results from prefrontal cortex damage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/brain/pseudobulbar-affect|title=Pseudobulbar Affect: What Is It?|website=WebMD|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> PBA often involves crying. Hence, PBA is mistakable for depression. But PBA is neurological; depression is psychological.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbainfo.org/about-pba|title=About PBA|date=2014-03-10|website=PBA Info|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref> Patients with PBA do not experience typical depression symptoms like sleep disturbances or appetite loss.