Editing Tbilisi (section)

===Russian control===
{{see also|Georgia within the Russian Empire}}
[[File:Coat of arms of Tiflis Governorate 1878.svg|thumb|upright|left|The coat of arms of Tiflis under Russian rule]]
In 1801, the [[Russian Empire]] annexed the Georgian [[Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti]] (of which Tbilisi was the capital), later cementing its rule with the [[Treaty of Gulistan]] of 1813,<ref>Timothy C. Dowling [https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&pg=PA728 ''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626144341/https://books.google.nl/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false |date=26 June 2015 }} pp 728–729 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec. 2014. {{ISBN|978-1598849486}}</ref><ref>[[Alexander Mikaberidze|Mikaberidze, Alexander]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&dq=alexander+mikaberidze+gulistan+treaty+georgia&pg=PA351 ''Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia 2 volumes: A Historical Encyclopedia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211065514/https://books.google.nl/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA351&dq=alexander+mikaberidze+gulistan+treaty+georgia&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAWoVChMIl_W72tP_yAIVwkYPCh3v2gwm#v=onepage&q=alexander%20mikaberidze%20gulistan%20treaty%20georgia&f=false |date=11 December 2015 }} ABC-CLIO, 22 jul. 2011 {{ISBN|978-1598843378}} p 351</ref> which ended Iranian control of Georgia.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kazemzadeh|first1=Firuz|author-link1=Firuz Kazemzadeh|title=Russia and Britain in Persia: Imperial Ambitions in Qajar Iran|date=2013|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0857721730|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aWEBAwAAQBAJ&q=1801+persia+loses+georgia+to+russia&pg=PA5|access-date=21 November 2020|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401002900/https://books.google.com/books?id=aWEBAwAAQBAJ&q=1801+persia+loses+georgia+to+russia&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref> Within Tsarist Russia, Tbilisi (known then as Tiflis) was included within the [[Tiflis Uyezd]] county in 1801, and became the administrative center of the [[Tiflis Governorate]] (''[[Governorate (Russia)|Gubernia]]'') following the latter's establishment in 1846. Russian Imperial administrators implemented a new European-style city plan and commissioned new buildings in Western styles. Roads and railroads were built to connect Tbilisi to other important cities in the [[Russian Empire]], such as [[Batumi]] and [[Poti]]. By the 1850s, Tbilisi once again emerged as a major trade and cultural center, with many foreign, including Western European, entrepreneurs operating under Russian oversight.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Riegg |first=Stephen Badalyan |date=2020-01-01 |title=Cocooned In The Caucasus |url=https://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/11963 |journal=Cahiers du monde russe. Russie - Empire russe - Union soviétique et États indépendants |language=en |volume=61 |issue=1–2 |pages=205–230 |doi=10.4000/monderusse.11963 |issn=1252-6576}}</ref>

The likes of [[Ilia Chavchavadze]], [[Akaki Tsereteli]], [[Mirza Fatali Akhundov|Mirza Fatali Akhundzade]], [[Iakob Gogebashvili]], [[Alexander Griboyedov]] and many other statesmen, poets and artists all found their home in Tbilisi. The city was visited on numerous occasions by and was the object of affection of [[Alexander Pushkin]], [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Mikhail Lermontov]], the [[House of Romanov|Romanov family]] and others. The main new artery built under Russian administration was Golovin Avenue (present-day [[Rustaveli Avenue]]), on which the [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)|Viceroys of the Caucasus]] established their residence. For much of the early 19th century, Tbilisi's largest ethnic group was Armenian, at some point forming 74.3% of the population.<ref name="Ronald Grigor Suny 1994 116">{{cite book |author=Ronald Grigor Suny|title=The making of the Georgian nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC&pg=PA116|access-date=16 November 2011|year=1994|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-20915-3 |pages=116–|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322113445/https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC&pg=PA116|url-status=live}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Old Tbilisi - XIX century.jpg|"Dry Bridge", constructed by Italian architect Antonio Scudieri
File:Rustavelis Gamziri old.jpg|View on [[Rustaveli Avenue|Golovin Avenue]] as seen from the site of present-day [[Freedom Square, Tbilisi|Freedom Square]]
File:Tbilisi XIXc 01.jpg|Building of the [[Tbilisi City Hall]]
File:Tbilisi XIXc 04.jpg|Grand Hotel "Kavkaz" in central Tbilisi, c 1900
File:Image-Tbilisi XIXc 05.jpg|Building of the [[Art Museum of Georgia]], built at the end of the 1830s, photo ca. 1900
File:Tbilisi, Metekhi Castle and Church from Tatar Square in 1890s.png|Tatar bazaar and with the [[Metekhi]] Orthodox church seen on the cliff
File:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tbilisi (ტფილისის სამხედრო ტაძარი).jpg|[[Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Tiflis|Alexander Nevsky Cathedral]], demolished by the Soviets to make way for the present [[Georgian Parliament Building (Tbilisi)|Parliament building]]
</gallery>

[[File:Lermontov TiflisGLM.jpg|thumb|Tiflis by [[Mikhail Lermontov]], 1837]]