Editing Tanzania (section)

===Climate===
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map TZA present.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|Tanzania map of Köppen climate classification]]
{{Further|Geography of Tanzania#Climate}}
Climate varies greatly within Tanzania. In the highlands, temperatures range between {{convert|10|and|20|C|F}} during cold and hot seasons respectively. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than {{convert|20|C}}. The hottest period extends between November and February ({{convert|25|-|31|C|F|1|disp=or}}) while the coldest period occurs between May and August ({{convert|15|-|20|C|F|disp=or}}). Annual temperature is {{convert|20|°C|°F|1}}. The climate is cool in high mountainous regions.

Tanzania has two major rainfall periods: one is [[Unimodality|uni-modal]] (October–April) and the other is bi-modal (October–December and March–May).<ref name=rain/> The former is experienced in southern, central, and western parts of the country, and the latter is found in the north from [[Lake Victoria]] extending east to the coast.<ref name=rain/> The bi-modal rainfall is caused by the seasonal migration of the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]].<ref name=rain>{{cite journal |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F.| date=12 February 2002 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi=10.3354/cr020031| bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Tanzania infrequently experiences land-falling tropical cyclones which can have severe impacts, [[2023–24_South-West_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season#Tropical_Cyclone_Hidaya|Cyclone Hidaya]] for instance.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en |date=10 May 2024}}</ref> There are recorded examples of such cyclones back as far as 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |date=April 2022 |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |doi=10.1002/wea.3921|bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M }}</ref>

[[Climate change in Tanzania]] is resulting in rising temperatures with a higher likelihood of intense rainfall events (resulting in flooding) and of dry spells (resulting in droughts).<ref>{{cite web|title=Tanzania|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania|access-date=27 November 2020|website=Climatelinks|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Future Climate for Africa|year=2017|title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania|url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf|website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> [[Climate change]] is already impacting the sectors in Tanzania of agriculture, water resources, health and energy. Sea level rise and changes in the quality of water are expected to impact fisheries and aquaculture.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania|access-date=27 November 2020|website=www.adaptation-undp.org|language=en}}</ref>

Tanzania produced a [[National Adaptation Programme of Action|National Adaptation Programmes of Action]] (NAPAs) in 2007 as mandated by the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]]. In 2012, Tanzania produced a National Climate Change Strategy in response to the growing concern of the negative impacts of climate change and climate variability on the country's social, economic and physical environment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net|url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0|access-date=27 November 2020|website=preventionweb.net|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0|url-status=dead}}</ref>