Editing Swan (section)

===Fossil record===
[[File:Black Swan skeleton.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Black swan]] skeleton ([[Museum of Osteology]])]] <!--not actually a fossil-->

The [[fossil record]] of the genus ''Cygnus'' is quite impressive, although allocation to the subgenera is often tentative; as indicated above, at least the early forms probably belong to the ''C. olor'' – Southern Hemisphere lineage, whereas the Pleistocene taxa from North America would be placed in ''Olor''. Several prehistoric species have been described, mostly from the Northern Hemisphere. In the Mediterranean, the leg bones of the giant swan (''[[Cygnus falconeri|C. falconeri]]'') were found on the islands of [[Malta]] and [[Sicily]]; it may have been over 2 metres from tail to bill, which was taller (though not heavier) than the contemporary local dwarf elephants (''[[Palaeoloxodon falconeri]]'').
* Subgenus ''Chenopis''
** †[[New Zealand swan]], ''Cygnus sumnerensis'', an extinct species related to the black swan of Australia
* Other subgenera (see above):
** †''Cygnus atavus'' <small>(Fraas 1870) Mlíkovský 1992</small> [''Anas atava'' <small>Fraas 1870</small>; ''Anas cygniformis'' <small>Fraas 1870</small>; ''Palaelodus steinheimensis'' <small>Fraas 1870</small>; ''Anser atavus'' <small>(Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933</small>; ''Anser cygniformis'' <small>(Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933</small>] (Middle Miocene of Germany)
** †''Cygnus csakvarensis'' <small>Lambrecht 1933</small> [''Cygnus csákvárensis'' <small>Lambrecht 1931a nomen nudum</small>; ''Cygnanser csakvarensis'' <small>(Lambrecht 1933) Kretzoi 1957</small>; ''Olor csakvarensis'' <small>(Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1992b</small>] (Late Miocene of Hungary)<!-- AmMusNovit2369:1 -->
** †Dwarf swan (''Cygnus equitum'') <small>Bate 1916 sensu Livezey 1997</small> [''Anser equitum'' <small>(Bate 1916) Brodkorb 1964</small>; ''Cygnus'' (''Olor'') ''equitum'' <small>Bate 1916 sensu Northcote 1988a</small>] (Middle – Late Pleistocene of Malta and Sicily, Mediterranean)<!-- AmMusNovit2369:1; IntGeolCongr32FieldTripGuideBookB07; Palaeontology31:725 -->
** †[[Giant swan]] (''Cygnus falconeri'') <small>Parker 1865 sensu Livezey 1997a</small> [''Cygnus melitensis'' <small>Falconer 1868</small>; ''Palaeocygnus falconeri'' <small>(Parker 1865) Oberholser 1908</small>] (Middle Pleistocene of Malta and Sicily, Mediterranean)<!-- AmMusNovit2369:1; Ardeola51:91; Palaeontology31:725 -->
** †''Cygnus hibbardi'' <small>Brodkorb 1958</small> (?Early Pleistocene of Idaho, U.S.)<!-- AmMusNovit2369:1 -->
** †''Cygnus lacustris'' <small>(De Vis 1905)</small> [''Archaeocycnus lacustris'' <small>De Vis 1905</small>] (Late Pleistocene of the Lake Eyre region, Australia)<!-- AmMusNovit2369:1 -->
** †''Cygnus liskunae'' <small>(Kuročkin 1976)</small> [''Anser liskunae'' <small>Kuročkin 1976</small>] (Middle Pliocene of western Mongolia)
** †''Cygnus mariae'' <small>Bickart 1990</small> (Late Miocene of Florida and Early Pliocene of Arizona, USA)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bickart|first1=K.J.|year=1990|title=Part I: The birds of the late Miocene-early Pliocene Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona|journal=Ornithological Monographs|volume=44|issue=1|pages=1–72|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40166673|doi=10.2307/40166673|jstor=40166673 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steadman |first1=David |last2=Takano |first2=Oona |title=A new genus and species of heron (Aves: Ardeidae) from the late Miocene of Florida |journal=Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History |url=https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10094084-new-genus-species-heron-aves-ardeidae-from-late-miocene-florida |date=April 2019 |volume=55 |issue=9 |pages=174–186 |doi=10.58782/flmnh.qskt9951 |issn=2373-9991}}</ref>
** †''[[Cygnus paloregonus]]'' <small>Cope 1878</small> [''Anser condoni'' <small>Schufeldt 1892</small>; ''Cygnus matthewi'' <small>Schufeldt 1913</small>] (Middle Pleistocene of west-central U.S.)<!-- AmMusNovit2369:1; Auk30:29;87:537 Condor46:25 -->
** †''Cygnus verae'' <small>Boev 2000</small> (Early Pliocene of Bulgaria)<ref>Boev, Z. 2000. "''Cygnus verae'' sp. n. (Anseriformes: Anatidae) from the Early Pliocene of Sofia (Bulgaria)". ''Acta zoologica cracovienzia'', Krakow, 43 (1–2): 185–192.</ref>
** †''Cygnus'' sp. <small>Louchart ''et al''. 1998</small> (Early Pleistocene of Turkey)<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80053-0 | title=L'Avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: Climat, environnement et biogéographie |trans-title=The avifauna of Dursunlu, Turkey, Lower Pleistocene: climate, environment and biogeography| date=1998 | last1=Louchart | first1=Antoine | last2=Mourer-Chauviré | first2=Cécile | last3=Guleç | first3=Erksin | last4=Howell | first4=Francis Clark | last5=White | first5=Tim D. | journal=Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science | volume=327 | issue=5 | pages=341–346 | bibcode=1998CRASE.327..341L }}</ref>
** †''Cygnus'' sp. (Pleistocene of Australia)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Louchart|first1=Antoine|last2=Vignaud|first2=Patrick|last3=Likius|first3=Andossa|last4=Mackaye|first4=Hassane T.|last5=Brunet|first5=Michel|date=27 June 2005|title=A New Swan (Aves: Anatidae) in Africa, from the Latest Miocene of Chad and Libya|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=25|issue=2|pages=384–392|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0384:ANSAAI]2.0.CO;2|jstor=4524452|s2cid=85860957 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sfetcu|first=Nicolae|title=The Birds World|year=2011|isbn=9781447875857}}</ref><!-- possibly one of those de Vis' taxa which are synonymous with or paleosubspecies of living birds -->
* Other genera
** † ''[[Annakacygna]]''

The supposed fossil swans ''"Cygnus" bilinicus'' and ''"Cygnus" herrenthalsi'' were, respectively, a [[stork]] and some large bird of unknown affinity (due to the bad state of preservation of the referred material).<ref name=Mlíkovský>{{cite book |last=Mlíkovský |first=Jiří  |year=2002 |title=Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe |publisher=Ninox Press |location=Prague |id={{Listed Invalid ISBN |80-901105-3-8}} |url=http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411215341/http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf|archive-date=11 April 2016 |page=123}}</ref>