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Sviatoslav I
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==Art and literature== Sviatoslav has long been a hero of [[Belarusians|Belarusian]], [[Russians|Russian]], and [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] patriots due to his great military successes. His figure first attracted attention of Russian artists and poets during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)]], which provided obvious parallels with Sviatoslav's push towards Constantinople. Russia's southward expansion and the imperialistic ventures of [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine II]] in the Balkans seemed to have been legitimized by Sviatoslav's campaigns eight centuries earlier. [[Image:Akimov - Svyatoslav's return from the Danube.jpg|thumb|[[Ivan Akimov]]. ''Sviatoslav's Return from the Danube to His Family in Kiev'' (1773)]] Among the works created during the war was [[Yakov Knyazhnin]]'s tragedy ''Olga'' (1772). The Russian playwright chose to introduce Sviatoslav as his protagonist, although his active participation in the events following Igor's death is out of sync with the traditional chronology. Knyazhnin's rival [[Nikolai Nikolev]] (1758–1815) also wrote a play on the subject of Sviatoslav's life. [[Ivan Akimov]]'s painting ''Sviatoslav's Return from the Danube to Kiev'' (1773) explores the conflict between military honour and family attachment. It is a vivid example of [[Nicolas Poussin|Poussinesque]] rendering of early medieval subject matter. Interest in Sviatoslav's career increased in the 19th century. [[Klavdiy Lebedev]] depicted an episode of Sviatoslav's meeting with [[John I Tzimiskes|Emperor John]] in his well-known painting, while [[Eugene Lanceray]] sculpted an [[equestrian sculpture|equestrian statue]] of Sviatoslav in the early 20th century.<ref name=Lanceray> E. A Lanceray. ''"[http://www.sgu.ru/rus_hist/?wid=699 Sviatoslav ] on the way to [[Tsargrad]].{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307182746/http://www.sgu.ru/rus_hist/?wid=699 |date=7 March 2007 }} "'', [http://www.sgu.ru/rus_hist/ The Russian History in the Mirror of the Fine Arts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114135153/http://www.sgu.ru/rus_hist/ |date=14 November 2006 }} {{in lang|ru}} </ref> Sviatoslav appears in the 1913 poem of [[Velimir Khlebnikov]] ''Written before the war'' (#70. Написанное до войны)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lib.rus.ec/b/142777/read |title=Велимир Хлебников Творения |publisher=Lib.rus.ec |access-date=17 June 2012}}</ref> as an epitome of militant Slavdom:<ref>Cooke, Raymond Cooke. ''Velimir Khlebnikov: A Critical Study''. Cambridge University Press, 1987. Pages 122–123</ref> <blockquote><poem lang="ru" style="float:left;">Знаменитый сок Дуная, Наливая в глубь главы, Стану пить я, вспоминая Светлых клич: "Иду на вы!".</poem> <poem style="margin-left:2em; float:left;">Pouring the famed juice of the Danube Into the depth of my head, I shall drink and remember The cry of the bright ones: "I come at you!"</poem></blockquote> Sviatoslav is the villain of the novel ''The Lost Kingdom, or the Passing of the Khazars'', by Samuel Gordon,<ref>London: Shapiro, Vallentine, 1926</ref> a fictionalised account of the destruction of Khazaria by the Rus'. The Slavic warrior figures in a more positive context in the story "Chernye Strely Vyaticha" by Vadim Viktorovich Kargalov; the story is included in his book ''Istoricheskie povesti''.<ref>(Moscow: Det. lit., 1989).</ref> In 2005, reports circulated that a village in the [[Belgorod]] region had erected a monument to Sviatoslav's victory over the Khazars by the Russian sculptor [[Vyacheslav Klykov]]. The reports described the 13-meter tall statue as depicting a Rus' cavalryman trampling a supine Khazar bearing a [[Star of David]] and [[Kolovrat (symbol)|Kolovrat]]. This created an outcry within the [[History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union|Jewish community]] of Russia. The controversy was further exacerbated by Klykov's connections with [[Pamyat]] and other anti-Semitic organizations, as well as by his involvement in the "letter of 500", a controversial appeal to the Prosecutor General to review all Jewish organizations in Russia for extremism.<ref> {{Cite web |url=http://www.xeno.sova-center.ru/6BA2468/6BB4208/706B4D8?print=on |title=Alexander Verkhovsky. Anti-Semitism in Russia: 2005. Key Developments and New Trends<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=12 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809220444/http://xeno.sova-center.ru/6BA2468/6BB4208/706B4D8?print=on |archive-date=9 August 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} </ref> The Press Centre of the Belgorod Regional Administration responded by stating that a planned monument to Sviatoslav had not yet been constructed but would show "respect towards representatives of all nationalities and religions."<ref> [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=600 "The Federation of Jewish Communities protests against the presence of a Star of David in a new sculpture in Belgorod"], ''Interfax'', 21 November 2005; Kozhevnikova, Galina, [http://xeno.sova-center.ru/6BA2468/6BB4208/6E811ED "Radical nationalism and efforts to oppose it in Russia in 2005"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110094613/http://xeno.sova-center.ru/6BA2468/6BB4208/6E811ED |date=10 January 2007 }} ; [http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=329123 "FJC Russia Appeal Clarifies Situation Over Potentially Anti-Semitic Monument"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927015836/http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=329123 |date=27 September 2007 }} ([[Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS]] Press Release), 23 November 2005; Dahan, David, "Jews protest trampled Star of David statue", ''European Jewish Press'', 22 November 2005 </ref> When the statue was unveiled, the shield bore a twelve-pointed star. Sviatoslav is the main character of the books ''Knyaz'' ({{Transliteration|ru|Kniaz}}) and ''The Hero'' ({{Transliteration|ru|Geroi}}), written by Russian writer [[Alexander Mazin]]. Sviatoslav plays a major role in the [[Soviet]] historical anthology film ''The Legend of Princess Olga'', which tells the story of his mother, Olga. Sviatoslav appears in various segments, both as a child as an adult. The adult prince Sviatoslav is played by [[Les Serdyuk]]. In November 2011, a Ukrainian fisherman found a one metre long sword in the waters of the Dnieper on [[Khortytsia]], near where Sviatoslav is believed to have been killed in 972. The handle is made out of four different metals including gold and silver, and could possibly have belonged to Sviatoslav himself, but this is speculation—the sword could have belonged to any nobleman from that period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine-rest.in.ua/en/news/on_khortitsa_found_the_sword_of_prince_svyatoslav.html|title=On Khortitsa found the sword of Prince Svyatoslav|publisher=Rest in Ukraine|date=23 September 2011|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> [[File:Старые Петровцы памятник Святославу Храброму.jpg|thumb|Monument to Svyatoslav the Brave in the village of Stari Petrivtsi, Kyiv region]]
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