Editing Sumac (section)

===Dye and tanning agent===
The leaves and bark of most sumac species contain high levels of [[tannin]]s and have been used in the manufacturing of leather by many cultures around the world. The Hebrew name ''og ha-bursaka'im'' means "tanner's sumac", as does the Latin name of ''[[Rhus coriaria|R. coriaria]]''. The leaves of certain sumacs yield [[tannin]] (mostly [[pyrogallol-type tannin|pyrogallol]]-type), a substance used in vegetable [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]]. Notable sources include the leaves of ''R. coriaria'', Chinese gall on ''[[Rhus chinensis|R. chinensis]]'', and wood and roots of ''[[Rhus pentaphylla|R. pentaphylla]]''. [[Leather]] tanned with sumac is flexible, light in weight, and light in color. One type of leather made with sumac tannins is [[morocco leather]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Davis|first=Charles Thomas |url=http://archive.org/details/manufactureoflea01davi|title=The Manufacture of Leather: Being a Description of All of the Processes for the Tanning, Tawing, Currying, Finishing and Dyeing of Every Kind of Leather |date=1885|publisher=Philadelphia, H. C. Baird & co.; etc. |url-access=registration}}</ref>

The dyeing property of sumac needed to be considered when it was shipped as a fine floury substance in sacks as a light cargo accompanying heavy cargoes such as marble. Sumac was especially dangerous to marble: "When sumac dust settles on white marble, the result is not immediately apparent, but if it once becomes wet, or even damp, it becomes a powerful purple dye, which penetrates the marble to an extraordinary depth."<ref>{{Cite book|title = Marble and marble workers: a handbook for architects, artists, masons and students|last = Lee|first = Arthur|publisher = Crosby Lockwood & Son|year = 1888|location = London|pages = 19}}</ref>

[[Ibn Badis]] describes a formula for making red ink out of leeched sumac mixed with gum.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Levey |first1=Martin |title=Mediaeval Arabic Bookmaking and Its Relation to Early Chemistry and Pharmacology |journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |date=1962 |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=24 |doi=10.2307/1005932|jstor=1005932 }}</ref>

{{nihongo|Sumac-dye|黄櫨染|kōrozen}} was used only for the outerwear of the [[Emperor of Japan]], thus being one of the [[Forbidden colors (Japan)|forbidden сolor]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last = Shaver |first =R. |title = Kabuki Costume |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Pf3PAgAAQBAJ |publisher= Tuttle Publishing |date = 2013 |pages = 79 |isbn = 9781462903986}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nihon Shikisai Gakkai|title=Shinpen shikisai kagaku handobukku|publisher=Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai|date=1985|isbn=4-13-061000-7|language=ja}}</ref>