Editing Substance theory (section)

==Irreducible concepts==
{{See also|Noumenon|Phenomenon}}
Two irreducible concepts encountered in substance theory are the ''bare particular'' and ''inherence''.

===Bare particular===
In substance theory, a bare particular of an [[object (philosophy)|object]] is the element without which the object would not exist, that is, its substance, which exists independently from its properties, even if it is impossible for it to lack properties entirely. It is "bare" because it is considered without its properties and "particular" because it is not [[Abstraction|abstract]]. The properties that the substance has are said to inhere in the substance.

===Inherence===
Another primitive concept in substance theory is the [[inherence]] of properties within a substance. For example, in the sentence, "The apple is red" substance theory says that red inheres in the apple. Substance theory takes the meaning of an apple having the property of redness to be understood, and likewise that of a property's inherence in substance, which is similar to, but not identical with, being part of the substance.

The inverse relation is [[Participation (philosophy)|participation]]. Thus in the example above, just as red inheres in the apple, so the apple participates in red.