Editing Strasbourg (section)

===Architecture===
[[File:Strasbourg Cathedral Exterior - Diliff.jpg|thumb|[[Strasbourg Cathedral|Strasbourg, Cathedral of Our Lady]]]]

The city is chiefly known for its [[sandstone]] [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[Strasbourg Cathedral|Cathedral]] with its famous [[Strasbourg astronomical clock|astronomical clock]], and for its medieval cityscape of [[Rhineland]] black and white [[timber framing|timber-framed]] buildings, particularly in the ''[[Petite France, Strasbourg|Petite France]]'' district or ''Gerberviertel'' ("tanners' district") alongside the Ill and in the streets and squares surrounding the cathedral, where the renowned ''[[Kammerzell House|Maison Kammerzell]]'' stands out.

Notable medieval streets include ''[[Rue Mercière, Strasbourg|Rue Mercière]]'', ''Rue des Dentelles'', ''Rue du Bain aux Plantes'', ''Rue des Juifs'', ''Rue des Frères'', ''Rue des Tonneliers'', ''Rue du Maroquin'', ''Rue des Charpentiers'', ''Rue des Serruriers'', ''Grand' Rue'', ''Quai des Bateliers'', ''Quai Saint-Nicolas'' and ''Quai Saint-Thomas''. Notable medieval squares include ''Place de la Cathédrale'', ''Place du Marché Gayot'', ''Place Saint-Étienne'', ''Place du Marché aux Cochons de Lait'' and ''Place Benjamin Zix''.

[[File:Absolute Pl marche aux cochons 01.JPG|thumb|left|''Place du Marché aux Cochons de Lait'']]
[[File:Strasbourg place gutenberg.jpg|thumb|left|Place Gutenberg with statue of Gutenberg and Carousel]]
[[File:Absolute Maison des tanneurs 01.JPG|thumb|left|''Maison des tanneurs'']]
[[File:Strasbourgriver.jpg|thumb|left|View of the Ill with [[St. Thomas, Strasbourg|Église Saint-Thomas]]]]

In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] ''Église Saint-Étienne'', partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied [[Strategic bombing|bombing raids]]; the part-Romanesque, part-Gothic, very large ''[[St. Thomas, Strasbourg|Église Saint-Thomas]]'' with its [[Gottfried Silbermann|Silbermann]] organ on which [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] and [[Albert Schweitzer]] played;<ref>{{Base Mérimée|PA00085032|Eglise Saint-Thomas}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itineraires-silbermann.org/strasbourg-saint-thomas/ |title=Strasbourg - Eglise protestante Saint-Thomas |publisher=itineraires-silbermann.org |access-date=13 July 2022 }}</ref> the Gothic ''[[Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Protestant Church|Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune]]'' with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its [[cloister]] partly from the eleventh century; the Gothic ''[[Saint William's Church, Strasbourg|Église Saint-Guillaume]]'' with its fine early-Renaissance [[stained glass]] and furniture; the Gothic ''Église Saint-Jean''; the part-Gothic, part-[[Art Nouveau]] ''[[Sainte-Madeleine Church; Strasbourg|Église Sainte-Madeleine]]'' etc. The [[Gothic Revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] church ''[[Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg|Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique]]'' (there is also an adjacent church ''Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Protestant'') serves as a shrine for several 15th-century wood-worked and painted [[Altar#In Western Christian churches|altars]] coming from other, now destroyed churches and installed there for public display; especially the [[The Passion of Christ (Strasbourg)|Passion of Christ]]. Among the numerous secular medieval buildings, the monumental ''[[Ancienne Douane (Strasbourg)|Ancienne Douane]]'' (old [[custom-house]]) stands out.

The [[German Renaissance]] has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially [[Neubau (Strasbourg)|the current ''Chambre de commerce et d'industrie'']], former [[City and town halls|town hall]], on ''Place Gutenberg''), as did the [[French Baroque and Classicism]] with several ''hôtels particuliers'' (i.e. [[palace]]s), among which the ''[[Palais Rohan, Strasbourg|Palais Rohan]]'' (completed 1742, used for university purposes from 1872 to 1895,<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Strassburg |volume=25 |page=984}}</ref> now housing three museums) is the most spectacular. Other buildings of its kind are the "[[Hôtel de Hanau]]" (1736, now the city hall); the ''[[Hôtel de Klinglin]]'' (1736, now residence of the {{lang|fr|[[préfet]]}}); the ''[[Hôtel des Deux-Ponts]]'' (1755, now residence of the [[Military Governor|military governor]]); the ''Hôtel d'Andlau-Klinglin'' (1725, now seat of the administration of the [[Port autonome de Strasbourg]]) etc. The largest baroque building of Strasbourg though is the {{convert|150|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} 1720s main building of the ''[[Hôpital civil, Strasbourg|Hôpital civil]]''. As for French [[Neoclassicism|Neo-classicism]], it is the [[Strasbourg Opera House|Opera House]] on [[Place Broglie]] that most prestigiously represents this style.

Strasbourg also offers high-class [[eclecticism in art|eclecticist]] buildings in its very extended German district, the ''[[Neustadt, Strasbourg|Neustadt]]'', being the main memory of [[Wilhelm I, German Emperor|Wilhelmian architecture]] since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this [[architectural style]] that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, [[Neo-Grec|Neo-Greek]] and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace ''[[Palais du Rhin]]'', the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the [[Pontonniers International High School|École internationale des Pontonniers]] (the former ''[[Höhere Mädchenschule]]'', with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-3_rue_des_Pontonniers_Centre_ville_Strasbourg-702.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=702&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut= |title=Pictures |publisher=Archi-strasbourg.org |access-date=15 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105134906/http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-3_rue_des_Pontonniers_Centre_ville_Strasbourg-702.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=702&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut= |archive-date=5 January 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> and the ''[[Haute école des arts du Rhin]]'' with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and [[Maiolica|majolica]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-1_rue_de_Acad%C3%A9mie_Krutenau_Strasbourg-508.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=508&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut= |title=Views |access-date=20 August 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510234327/http://www.archi-strasbourg.org/adresse-1_rue_de_Acad%C3%A9mie_Krutenau_Strasbourg-508.html?check=1&archiIdAdresse=508&archiAffichage=adresseDetail&debut= |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:OrgueSaintThomasStrasbourg.jpg|thumb|left|The baroque organ of the [[St. Thomas, Strasbourg|Église Saint-Thomas]]]]

Notable streets of the German district include: ''Avenue de la Forêt Noire'', ''Avenue des Vosges'', ''Avenue d'Alsace'', ''Avenue de la Marseillaise'', ''Avenue de la Liberté'', ''Boulevard de la Victoire'', ''Rue Sellénick'', ''Rue du Général de Castelnau'', ''Rue du Maréchal Foch'', and ''Rue du Maréchal Joffre''. Notable squares of the German district include ''[[Place de la République (Strasbourg)|Place de la République]]'', ''Place de l'Université'', ''Place Brant'', and ''Place Arnold''.

Impressive examples of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] military architecture of the 1880s can be found along the newly reopened ''Rue du Rempart'', displaying large-scale fortifications among which the aptly named ''Kriegstor'' (war gate).

As for modern and [[contemporary architecture]], Strasbourg possesses some fine [[Art Nouveau]] buildings (such as the huge ''[[Palais des Fêtes]]'' and houses and villas like ''[[Villa Schutzenberger]]'' and ''[[Hôtel Brion]]''), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the ''Cité Rotterdam'', for which [[Le Corbusier]] did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended ''Quartier Européen'', some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the [[European Court of Human Rights building]] by [[Richard Rogers]] is arguably the finest. Other noticeable contemporary buildings are the new [[College or university school of music|Music school]] ''Cité de la Musique et de la Danse'', the ''[[Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art|Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain]]'' and the ''Hôtel du Département'' facing it, as well as, in the outskirts, the tramway-station [[Hoenheim]]-Nord designed by [[Zaha Hadid]].

[[File:Absolute place Kleber 02.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Place Kléber]]'']]

The city has many bridges, including the medieval and four-towered ''[[Ponts Couverts (Strasbourg)|Ponts Couverts]]'' that, despite their name, are no longer covered. Next to the ''Ponts Couverts'' is the ''[[Barrage Vauban]]'', a part of [[Vauban]]'s 17th-century fortifications, that does include a covered bridge. Other bridges are the ornate 19th-century ''Pont de la Fonderie'' (1893, stone) and ''Pont d'Auvergne'' (1892, iron), as well as architect [[:fr:Marc Mimram|Marc Mimram]]'s futuristic ''Passerelle'' over the Rhine, opened in 2004.

The largest square at the centre of the city of Strasbourg is the [[Place Kléber]]. Located in the heart of the city's commercial area, it was named after general [[Jean Baptiste Kléber|Jean-Baptiste Kléber]], born in Strasbourg in 1753 and assassinated in 1800 in [[Cairo]]. In the square is a statue of Kléber, under which is a vault containing his remains. On the north side of the square is the [[Aubette (building)|Aubette]] (Orderly Room), built by [[Jacques-François Blondel|Jacques François Blondel]], architect of the king, in 1765–1772.