Editing Stomach (section)

====Glands====
{{Main article|Gastric glands}}
[[File:Illu_stomach_layers.jpg|thumb|Diagram showing gastric pits (13) gastric glands (12) lamina propria (10) epithelium (11)]]
[[File:Histology of normal fundic mucosa.png|thumb|Histology of normal fundic mucosa. Fundic glands are simple, branched tubular glands that extend from the bottom of the gastric pits to the muscularis mucosae; the more distinctive cells are parietal cells. H&E stain.]]
[[File:Histology of normal antral mucosa.png|thumb|Histology of normal antral mucosa. Antral mucosa is formed by branched coiled tubular glands lined by secretory cells similar in appearance to the surface mucous cells. H&E stain.]]
The mucosa lining the stomach is lined with [[gastric pit]]s, which receive [[gastric juice]], secreted by between 2 and 7 [[gastric glands]].{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} Gastric juice is an acidic fluid containing [[hydrochloric acid]] and digestive enzymes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2009 |title=How does the Stomach Work? |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279304/#:~:text=Gastric%20juice%3A%20Acid%2C%20salts%20and%20enzymes&text=These%20glands%20make%20digestive%20enzymes,juice%20are%20made%20each%20day. |access-date=16 June 2024 |website=National Institute of Health: National Library of Medicine |publisher=Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG).}}</ref> The glands contains a number of cells, with the function of the glands changing depending on their position within the stomach.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Within the body and fundus of the stomach lie the ''fundic glands''. In general, these glands are lined by column-shaped cells that secrete a protective layer of [[mucus]] and [[bicarbonate]]. Additional cells present include [[parietal cell]]s that secrete hydrochloric acid and [[intrinsic factor]], [[Gastric chief cell|chief cell]]s that secrete [[pepsinogen]] (this is a precursor to pepsin- the highly acidic environment converts the pepsinogen to pepsin), and neuroendocrine cells that secrete [[serotonin]].<ref name=Dorland777/>{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Glands differ where the stomach meets the esophagus and near the pylorus.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gallego-Huidobro|first1=J|last2=Pastor|first2=L M|date=April 1996|title=Histology of the mucosa of the oesophagogastric junction and the stomach in adult Rana perezi.|journal=Journal of Anatomy|volume=188|issue=Pt 2|pages=439–444|issn=0021-8782|pmc=1167580|pmid=8621343}}</ref> Near the [[gastroesophageal junction]] lie ''cardiac glands'', which primarily secrete mucus.<ref name=Dorland777>{{cite book|last1=Dorland's|title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-6257-8|page=777|edition=32nd}}</ref> They are fewer in number than the other gastric glands and are more shallowly positioned in the mucosa. There are two kinds - either simple [[tubular gland]]s with short ducts  or [[compound racemose glands|compound racemose]] resembling the [[duodenal]] [[Brunner's glands]].{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} Near the pylorus lie ''pyloric glands'' located in the antrum of the pylorus. They secrete mucus, as well as [[gastrin]] produced by their [[G cells]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dorland's|title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-6257-8|page=762|edition=32nd}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}