Editing Stingray (section)

=== Locomotion ===
[[File:Stingray locomotion gif.gif|thumb|{{center|[[Atlantic stingray]] (''Hypanus sabinus'') undulation locomotion}}]]

The stingray uses its paired [[pectoral fin]]s for moving around. This is in contrast to sharks and most other fish, which get most of their swimming power from a single [[Caudal fin|caudal (tail) fin]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yangwei |last2=Tan |first2=Jinbo |last3=Zhao |first3=Dongbiao |title=Design and Experiment on a Biomimetic Robotic Fish Inspired by Freshwater Stingray |journal=Journal of Bionic Engineering |date=June 2015 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=204–216 |doi=10.1016/S1672-6529(14)60113-X }}</ref> Stingray pectoral fin [[Animal locomotion|locomotion]] can be divided into two categories, undulatory and oscillatory.<ref name="Fontanella">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fontanella J | date = 2013 | title = Two- and three-dimensional geometries of batoids in relation to locomotor mode|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology and Ecology|volume=446|pages=273–281 | doi = 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.05.016 | bibcode = 2013JEMBE.446..273F }}</ref> Stingrays that use undulatory locomotion have shorter thicker fins for slower motile movements in [[Benthic zone|benthic]] areas.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bottom II |first1=R. G. |last2=Borazjani |first2=I. |last3=Blevins |first3=E. L. |last4=Lauder |first4=G. V. |title=Hydrodynamics of swimming in stingrays: numerical simulations and the role of the leading-edge vortex |journal=Journal of Fluid Mechanics |date=10 February 2016 |volume=788 |pages=407–443 |doi=10.1017/jfm.2015.702 |bibcode=2016JFM...788..407B }}</ref> Longer thinner pectoral fins make for faster speeds in oscillation mobility in pelagic zones.<ref name="Fontanella" /> Visually distinguishable oscillation has less than one wave going, opposed to undulation having more than one wave at all times.<ref name="Fontanella" />