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===Familial=== ====Women in the household==== Some people believe that sterilization gives women, in particular, more control over their [[Human female sexuality|sexuality]] and their [[Human reproduction|reproduction]]. This can lead to empowering women, giving them more of a sense of ownership over their bodies, and an improved relationship with the household.<ref name="Seeking Zero Growth">STOLC, Phyllis E W. "Seeking Zero Growth: Population Policy in China and India". ''Graduate Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies''. 6.2 (2008): 10β32.</ref> In the [[United States]], where there are no governmental incentives for being sterilized (see below), the decision is often made for personal and familial reasons. A woman, sometimes along with her partner, can decide that she does not want any more children or she does not want children at all. Many women report feeling more sexually liberated after being sterilized, as there is no concern of a pregnancy risk.<ref name="The Decision to End Childbearing by Sterilization">Abell, P. K. "The Decision to End Childbearing by Sterilization." ''Family Relations''. 36.1 (1987): 66β71.</ref> By eliminating the risk of having more children, a woman can commit to a long-term job without a disruption of [[maternity leave]] in the future. A woman will feel more empowered since she can make a decision about her body and her life. Sterilization eliminates the need for potential [[abortions]], which can be a very stressful decision overall.<ref name="The Decision to End Childbearing by Sterilization" /> ====Relationship with spouse==== In countries that are more entrenched in the traditional [[Patriarchy|patriarchal system]], female sterilizations can inspire abusive behavior from husbands for various reasons.<ref>Rao, Vijayendra. "Wife-Beating in a Rural South India Community." ''Social Science and Medicine''. 44.8 (1997): 1169β1181.</ref> Sterilization can lead to distrust in a marriage if the husband suspects his wife of infidelity. Furthermore, the husband may become angry and aggressive if the decision to be sterilized is made by the wife without consulting him. If a woman marries again after sterilization, her new husband might be displeased with her inability to bear him children, causing tumult in the marriage. There are many negative consequences associated with women who hold very little personal power. However, in more progressive cultures and in stable relationships, there are few changes observed in spousal relationships after sterilization. In these cultures, women hold more agency, and men are less likely to dictate women's personal choices. Sexual activity remains fairly constant, and marital relationships do not suffer, as long as the sterilization decision was made collaboratively between the two partners.<ref name="philliber1985" /> ====Children==== As the [[Government of China|Chinese government]] tried to communicate to their people after the population boom between 1953 and 1971, having fewer children allows more of a family's total resources to be dedicated to each child.<ref name="Seeking Zero Growth" /> Especially in countries that give parents incentives for family planning and for having fewer children, it is advantageous to existing children to be in smaller families. In more [[rural]] areas where families depend on the labor of their children to survive, sterilization could have more of a negative effect. If a child dies, a family loses a worker. During China's controversial [[one-child policy]] reign, policymakers allowed families to have another child if an existing child in the same family died or became disabled.<ref name="Seeking Zero Growth" /> However, if either parent is sterilized, this is impossible. The loss of a child could impact the survival of an entire family.
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