Editing Steampunk (section)

===Art and design===
[[File:Aura Krsitall Instrument.jpg|thumb|Aura Crystall Instrument – 1987 – by [[Marc van den Broek]]]]

Many of the visualisations of steampunk have their origins with, among others, [[Walt Disney]]'s film ''[[20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954 film)|20,000 Leagues Under the Sea]]'' (1954),<ref name=yrb1>{{cite news|url=http://www.yrbmagazine.com/2011/12/yrb-interview-dr-grymm/|title=YRB Interview: Dr. Grymm|magazine=YRB Magazine|date=December 6, 2011|first=Stephanie Amy|last=Collazo|access-date=March 6, 2012|quote=a dangerous tattoo machine, fusing a tattoo machine and an arm. Using a hand massager, projector parts, tube radios, a paint sprayer and miscellaneous parts (such as a glass vial of squid ink), Marsocci created an interesting piece that looks like something you'd find in Mary Shelley's home.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125234416/http://www.yrbmagazine.com/2011/12/yrb-interview-dr-grymm/|archive-date=January 25, 2012}}</ref> including the design of the story's submarine the ''[[Nautilus (Verne)|Nautilus]]'', its interiors, and the crew's underwater gear.

Aspects of steampunk design emphasise a balance between [[Form follows function|form and function]].<ref name=hampton1>{{cite news|date=August 1, 2008|access-date=March 6, 2012|title=Steampunk Art And Design Exhibits In The Hamptons|first=Eileen|last=Casey|url=http://www.hamptons.com/detail.php?articleID=4486|work=Hamptons Online|quote=Steampunk is not considered 'Outsider Art,' but rather a tightly focused art movement whose practitioners faithfully borrow design elements from the grand schools of architecture, science and design and employ a strict philosophy where the physical form must be as equally impressive as the function.}}</ref> In this, it is like the [[Arts and Crafts Movement]]. But [[John Ruskin]], [[William Morris]], and the other reformers in the late nineteenth century rejected machines and industrial production. In contrast, steampunk enthusiasts present a "non-[[luddite]] critique of technology". In Dutch amusement park [[Efteling|De Efteling]], there is a dive coaster themed to a steampunk Victorian haunted goldmine called [[Baron 1898]].<ref>Catastrophone Orchestra and Arts Collective, [[iarchive:SteamPunk Magazine 1-printing/page/n5/mode/2up|"What, Then, is Steampunk? Colonizing the Past So We Can Dream the Future", SteamPunk Magazine 1]] (2006), p 4.</ref>

Various modern utilitarian objects have been modified by enthusiasts into a pseudo-Victorian mechanical "steampunk" style.<ref name=Braiker/><ref>{{cite news|title=Steam dream: Steampunk bursts through its subculture roots to challenge our musical, fashion, design, and even political sensibilities|first=Sharon|last=Steel|url=http://thephoenix.com//Boston/Life/61571-Steam-dream/|newspaper=[[The Boston Phoenix]]|date=May 19, 2008|access-date=September 27, 2008|archive-date=December 9, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209130942/http://thephoenix.com/Boston/Life/61571-Steam-dream|url-status=live}}</ref> Examples include [[computer keyboard]]s and [[electric guitar]]s.<ref name=Hart1>{{cite news|last=Hart|first=Hugh|date=December 1, 2011|title=Steampunk Contraptions Take Over Tattoo Studio|url=https://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/12/mobilis-in-mobili-steampunk/?pid=5507|magazine=Wired|access-date=December 5, 2011|archive-date=December 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204190110/http://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/12/mobilis-in-mobili-steampunk/?pid=5507|url-status=live}}</ref> The goal of such redesigns is to employ appropriate materials (such as polished brass, iron, wood, and leather) with design elements and craftsmanship consistent with the Victorian era,<ref name=Bebergal/><ref>{{cite web|last=Farivar|first=Cyrus|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]|title=Steampunk Brings Victorian Flair to the 21st Century|date=February 6, 2008|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18710895&sc=emaf|access-date=May 10, 2008|archive-date=January 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108213153/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18710895&sc=emaf|url-status=live}}</ref> rejecting the aesthetic of [[industrial design]].<ref name=hampton1/>

[[File:Arts-et-Métiers 11 (Paris métro) quai Châtelet par Cramos.JPG|thumb|right|Paris metro station "[[Arts et Métiers (Paris Métro)|Arts et Métiers]]", designed in 1994 to honor the works of Jules Verne]]
In 1994, the Paris Metro station at [[Arts et Métiers (Paris Métro)|Arts et Métiers]] was redesigned by Belgian artist [[Francois Schuiten]] in steampunk style, to honor the works of Jules Verne. The station is reminiscent of a submarine, sheathed in brass with giant cogs in the ceiling and [[porthole]]s that look out onto fanciful scenes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raileurope.com/blog/12073-paris-metro-art-et-metiers|title=Paris Metro Travel: Full Steam(punk) Ahead at Arts et Métiers|author=Jackie|publisher=Rail Europe|date=October 17, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085254/http://www.raileurope.com/blog/12073-paris-metro-art-et-metiers|archive-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ontheluce.com/2011/11/07/in-pictures-arts-et-metiers-metro/|title=In pictures: Paris' steampunk Arts et Métiers Metro station|last1=Dodsworth|first1=Lucy|publisher=On The Luce|date=November 7, 2011|access-date=April 6, 2014|archive-date=March 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323074335/http://ontheluce.com/2011/11/07/in-pictures-arts-et-metiers-metro/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The artist group ''Kinetic Steam Works''<ref>{{cite news|last=Hartwell|first=Lane|title=Best of Burning Man: Fire Dancers, Steampunk Tree House and More|date=September 8, 2007|url=http://www.kineticsteamworks.org/|access-date=January 5, 2011|magazine=Wired|quote="Kinetic Steam Works' Case traction engine Hortense glows on the playa. The art vehicle was named in honor of the artist and mother of Cal Tinkham, the steam enthusiast and railroad engineer who originally restored the engine."|archive-date=January 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117033021/http://kineticsteamworks.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> brought a working steam engine to the [[Burning Man]] festival in 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galleries.burningman.com/photos/tristan/tristan.30621|title=Kinetic Steam Works' Case traction engine ''Hortense''|year=2007|first=Tristan "Loupiote"|last=Savatier|access-date=2010-11-12|archive-date=2012-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205140105/http://galleries.burningman.com/photos/tristan/tristan.30621|url-status=dead}}</ref> The group's founding member, Sean Orlando, created a Steampunk Tree House (in association with a group of people who would later form the ''Five Ton Crane Arts Group''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fivetoncrane.org/|title=Five Ton Crane|publisher=Fivetoncrane.org|year=2010|access-date=Aug 6, 2014|archive-date=February 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207212422/http://fivetoncrane.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>) that has been displayed at a number of festivals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.boingboing.net/2008/01/24/steampunk-tree-house.html|title=Steampunk Tree House|publisher=[[Boing Boing]] TV|date=24 January 2008|first=Xeni|last=Jardin|author-link=Xeni Jardin|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209233826/http://tv.boingboing.net/2008/01/24/steampunk-tree-house.html|archive-date=December 9, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Orlando|first=Sean|title=Steampunk Tree House|date=2007–2008|url=http://www.steamtreehouse.com/|access-date=May 10, 2008|archive-date=February 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224131355/http://www.steamtreehouse.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Steampunk Tree House is now permanently installed at the [[Dogfish Head Brewery]] in [[Milton, Delaware]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dogfish.com/community/news/press-releases/steampunk-treehouse-finds-home-at-dogfish.htm|title=Steampunk Treehouse Finds Home At Dogfish|publisher=Dogfish Head Craft Brewery|date=21 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625015204/http://www.dogfish.com/community/news/press-releases/steampunk-treehouse-finds-home-at-dogfish.htm|archive-date=25 June 2010}}</ref>

[[The Neverwas Haul]] is a three-story, self-propelled mobile art vehicle built to resemble a Victorian house on wheels. Designed by Shannon O'Hare, it was built by volunteers in 2006 and presented at the Burning Man festival from 2006 through 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maker Faire: The Neverwas Haul|url=http://makezine.com/2007/04/18/maker-faire-the-neverwas/|website=Make: DIY Projects, How-Tos, Electronics, Crafts and Ideas for Makers|access-date=Nov 19, 2015|archive-date=November 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119194043/http://makezine.com/2007/04/18/maker-faire-the-neverwas/|url-status=live}}</ref> When fully built, the Haul propelled itself at a top speed of 5 miles per hour and required a crew of ten people to operate safely. Currently, the Neverwas Haul makes her home at Obtainium Works, an "[[art car]] factory" in [[Vallejo, CA]] owned by O'Hare and home to several other self-styled "contraptionists".<ref>{{cite web|title=Crew|url=http://www.obtainiumworks.net/crew-2/|website=Obtainium Works|access-date=Nov 19, 2015|archive-date=November 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119224732/http://www.obtainiumworks.net/crew-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In May–June 2008, multimedia artist and sculptor [[Paul St George]] exhibited outdoor interactive video installations linking London and [[Brooklyn]], New York, in a Victorian era-styled [[telectroscope]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Melena|last=Ryzik|title=Telescope Takes a Long View, to London|date=May 21, 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/21/arts/design/21tele.html|access-date=August 5, 2008|archive-date=April 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402190736/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/21/arts/design/21tele.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tonight I'm gonna party like it's 1899|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/oct/17/popandrock2|newspaper=The Guardian|date=October 17, 2008|first=Caroline|last=Sullivan|access-date=October 17, 2008|location=London|archive-date=November 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104102052/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/oct/17/popandrock2|url-status=live}}</ref> Utilizing this device, New York promoter Evelyn Kriete organised a transatlantic wave between steampunk enthusiasts from both cities,<ref>{{cite web|last=PH|first=Julie|title=Testing the Telectroscope|url=http://londonist.com/2008/06/testing_the_tel.php|publisher=Londonist|date=June 5, 2008|access-date=1 August 2012|archive-date=26 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126064014/http://londonist.com/2008/06/testing_the_tel.php|url-status=live}}</ref> prior to [[White Mischief (festival)|White Mischief's]] ''[[Around the World in 80 Days]]'' steampunk-themed event.<ref>{{cite web|title=Telectroscope Merged Topic Threads|url=http://brassgoggles.co.uk/forum/index.php?topic=9166.35;wap2|publisher=Brass Goggles|access-date=1 August 2012|archive-date=26 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126070745/http://brassgoggles.co.uk/forum/index.php?topic=9166.35;wap2|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Clockwork universe by Tim Wetherell.jpg|thumb|upright|Tim Wetherell's ''clockwork universe'' sculpture at [[Questacon]], Canberra, Australia (September 24, 2009)]]

In 2009, for [[Questacon]], artist Tim Wetherell created a large wall piece that represented the concept of the [[clockwork universe]]. This steel artwork contains moving gears, a working clock, and a movie of the moon's terminator in action. The 3D moon movie was created by Antony Williams.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wetherell|first1=Tim|title=Clockwork Universe|url=http://www.wetherellart.co.uk/pages/sculpture_clockwork.html|website=Tim Wetherell|access-date=8 December 2017|archive-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003446/http://www.wetherellart.co.uk/pages/sculpture_clockwork.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Steampunk became a common descriptor for homemade objects sold on the craft network [[Etsy]] between 2009 and 2011,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Taddeo|first1=Julie Anne|last2=Miller|first2=Cynthia J.|title=Steaming into a Victorian future : a steampunk anthology|year=2013|publisher=Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-8586-8|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/183386586|access-date=2019-01-24|archive-date=2020-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807082411/https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/183386586|url-status=live}}</ref> though many of the objects and fashions bear little resemblance to earlier established descriptions of steampunk. Thus the craft network may not strike observers as "sufficiently steampunk" to warrant its use of the term. Comedian [[April Winchell]], author of the book ''Regretsy: Where DIY Meets WTF'', cataloged some of the most egregious and humorous examples on her website "Regretsy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regretsy.com/category/not-remotely-steampunk/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908060752/http://www.regretsy.com/category/not-remotely-steampunk/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 8, 2012|title=Not Remotely Steampunk|publisher=Regretsy|access-date=Aug 26, 2011}}</ref> The blog was popular among steampunks and even inspired a music video that went viral in the community and was acclaimed by steampunk "notables".<ref>{{cite web|title=Just Glue Some Gears On It (And Call It Steampunk)|author=Pikedevant|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFCuE5rHbPA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/TFCuE5rHbPA| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|publisher=Youtube|date=Nov 29, 2011|quote=From the video's comments: 'This is Datamancer, the steampunk keyboard guy, and I approve of this video wholeheartedly. In fact, we make this joke at the workshop almost daily. "I can't figure out how to finish off this edge". "Just glue some gears to it and call it done" haha. Well-made song and video.' – Datamancer. 'Glad to see a new contender for the chap-hop crown, and such a relevant message. I love it!' – Unwoman. 'Professor Elemental here, Just wanted to give this my most hearty applause. A fine, fine song by a true gentleman.'|access-date=December 4, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

From October 2009 through February 2010, the [[Museum of the History of Science, Oxford]], hosted the first major exhibition of steampunk art objects, curated and developed by New York artist and designer Art Donovan,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/oxford/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8325000/8325994.stm|title=The Steampunk movement in Oxford|work=[[BBC News]]|date=Oct 26, 2009|access-date=Apr 12, 2016|archive-date=April 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410185509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/oxford/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8325000/8325994.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> who also exhibited his own "electro-futuristic" lighting sculptures, and presented by Dr. Jim Bennett, museum director.<ref>{{cite web|title=Steampunk|quote=Imagine the technology of today with the aesthetic of Victorian science.|url=http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/steampunk/|publisher=[[Museum of the History of Science, Oxford]]|access-date=2009-08-28|archive-date=2009-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831105940/http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/steampunk/|url-status=live}}</ref> From redesigned practical items to fantastical contraptions, this exhibition showcased the work of eighteen steampunk artists from around the globe. The exhibit proved to be the most successful and highly attended in the museum's history and attracted more than eighty thousand visitors. The event was detailed in the official artist's journal ''The Art of Steampunk'', by curator Donovan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8376028.stm|title=Tech Know: Fast forward to the past|first=Mark|last=Ward|work=BBC News|date=November 30, 2009|access-date=November 30, 2009|archive-date=December 3, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203044804/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8376028.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2010, [[The Libratory]] Steampunk Art Gallery was opened by Damien McNamara in [[Oamaru|Oamaru, New Zealand]]. Created from papier-mâché to resemble a large cave and filled with industrial equipment from yesteryear, [[raygun]]s, and general steampunk quirks, its purpose is to provide a place for steampunkers in the region to display artwork for sale all year long. A year later, a more permanent gallery, [[Steampunk HQ]], was opened in the former Meeks Grain Elevator Building across the road from The Woolstore, and has since become a notable tourist attraction for Oamaru.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/press-releases/2012/9/tourism-news_lonely-planet-new-zealand-2012.cfm|title=Lonely Planet launches latest New Zealand guide (2012, Steampunk HQ one of author's top 12 recommendations)|publisher=New Zealand Government official tourism website|access-date=Mar 21, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114015359/http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/press-releases/2012/9/tourism-news_lonely-planet-new-zealand-2012.cfm|archive-date=November 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>"[https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/201822049/oamaru-steampunk-capital-of-the-world Oamaru - steampunk capital of the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111055226/https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/201822049/oamaru-steampunk-capital-of-the-world |date=2022-01-11 }}", ''[[Radio New Zealand]]'', 1 November 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</ref><ref>Roy, E. A., "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/30/new-zealand-town-oamaru-steampunk-capital-of-the-world How an ordinary New Zealand town became steampunk capital of the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111055219/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/30/new-zealand-town-oamaru-steampunk-capital-of-the-world |date=2022-01-11 }}", ''[[The Guardian]]'', 30 August 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</ref>