Editing Stanford University (section)

== Administration and organization ==
Stanford is a private, non-profit university administered as a [[corporate trust]] governed by a privately appointed [[board of trustees]] with a maximum membership of 38.<ref name="stanford_facts_admin">{{cite web |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Stanford Facts: Administration & Finances |url=http://facts.stanford.edu/administration |access-date=June 13, 2018 |website=facts.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232940/https://facts.stanford.edu/administration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The rules governing the board have changed over time. The original 24 trustees were appointed for life in 1885 by the Stanfords, as were some of the subsequent replacements. In 1899 Jane Stanford changed the maximum number of trustees from 24 to 15 and set the term of office to 10 years. On June 1, 1903, she resigned her powers as founder and the board took on its full powers. In the 1950s, the board decided that its fifteen members were not sufficient to do all the work needed and in March 1954 petitioned the courts to raise the maximum number to 23, of whom 20 would be regular trustees serving 10-year terms and 3 would be alumni trustees serving 5-year terms. In 1970 another petition was successfully made to have the number raised to a maximum of 35 (with a minimum of 25), that all trustees would be regular trustees, and that the university president would be a trustee ''ex officio''.<ref name="FoundingGrant" /> The last original trustee, [[Timothy Hopkins]], died in 1936; the last life trustee, Joseph D. Grant (appointed in 1891), died in 1942.<ref name="jdgrant">{{cite web |title=Joseph D. Grant House – Parks and Recreation – County of Santa Clara |url=https://www.sccgov.org/sites/parks/Activities/Cultural-Venues/Pages/JDGrantHouse.aspx |website=www.sccgov.org |access-date=October 30, 2019 |archive-date=October 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030033909/https://www.sccgov.org/sites/parks/Activities/Cultural-Venues/Pages/JDGrantHouse.aspx |url-status=dead}} Joseph D. Grant County Park (Santa Clara) is named for him.</ref>|name=noteTrustees}} Trustees serve five-year terms (not more than two consecutive terms) and meet five times annually.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Governance and Organization |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#boardoftrusteestext |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=bulletin.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=December 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220163004/http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#boardoftrusteestext |url-status=live }}</ref> A new trustee is chosen by the current trustees by ballot.<ref name="FoundingGrant">{{cite web |url=https://wasc.stanford.edu/system/files/FoundingGrant_1.pdf |title=Stanford University – The Founding Grant with Amendments, Legislation, and Court Decrees |publisher=Stanford University |year=1987 |access-date=December 30, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120104455/https://wasc.stanford.edu/system/files/FoundingGrant_1.pdf |archive-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> The Stanford trustees also oversee the [[Stanford Research Park]], the [[Stanford Shopping Center]], the [[Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts|Cantor Center for Visual Arts]], [[Stanford University Medical Center]], and many associated medical facilities (including the [[Lucile Packard Children's Hospital]]).<ref name="FG facts">{{cite web |url=http://www.stanford.edu/about/facts/finances.html |title=Stanford University Facts—Finances and Governance |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=November 27, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115042016/http://www.stanford.edu/about/facts/finances.html |archive-date=November 15, 2008}}</ref>

The board appoints a president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university, to prescribe the duties of professors and course of study, to manage financial and business affairs, and to appoint nine vice presidents.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Governance and Organization |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#presidenttext |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=bulletin.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232942/https://bulletin.stanford.edu/404#presidenttext |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Richard Saller]] became the interim president in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title=Biography |url=https://president.stanford.edu/biography/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005022625/https://president.stanford.edu/biography/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 4, 2024, the board of trustees announced that [[Jonathan Levin (economist)|Jonathan Levin]] would become the thirteenth president on August 1, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.stanford.edu/report/2024/04/04/stanford-alum-business-school-dean-jonathan-levin-named-stanford-president/|title=Stanford alum, business school dean Jonathan Levin named Stanford president|publisher=Stanford University|date=April 4, 2024|access-date=April 6, 2024|archive-date=April 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406074413/https://news.stanford.edu/report/2024/04/04/stanford-alum-business-school-dean-jonathan-levin-named-stanford-president/|url-status=live}}</ref> The provost is the chief academic and budget officer, to whom the deans of each of the seven schools report.<ref name="aboutprovost">{{cite web |title=About the Provost |url=https://provost.stanford.edu/about-the-provost/ |website=Office of the Provost |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=February 7, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=February 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206235151/http://provost.stanford.edu/about-the-provost/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Office {{!}} Office of the Provost |url=https://provost.stanford.edu/about-the-office/ |access-date=June 23, 2018 |website=Provost Stanford |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232942/https://provost.stanford.edu/about-the-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jenny Martinez]] became the fourteenth provost in October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-23 |title=Jenny S. Martinez appointed Stanford provost |url=https://news.stanford.edu/report/2023/08/23/jenny-s-martinez-appointed-stanford-provost/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233025/https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2023/08/jenny-s-martinez-appointed-stanford-provost |url-status=live }}</ref> The university is organized into seven academic schools.<ref name="seven-schools">{{cite web |title=Stanford's Seven Schools |url=https://www.stanford.edu/academics/schools/ |access-date=May 29, 2018 |website=Stanford University |language=en-US}}</ref> 

The schools of [[Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences|Humanities and Sciences]] (twenty-seven departments),<ref name="bulletin-hs">{{cite web |title=School of Humanities and Sciences {{!}} Stanford University |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/schoolofhumanitiesandsciences/ |access-date=May 29, 2018 |website=exploredegrees.stanford.edu |language=en |archive-date=June 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606054923/http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/schoolofhumanitiesandsciences/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanford University School of Engineering|Engineering]] (nine departments),<ref name="bulletin-engineering">{{cite web |title=School of Engineering {{!}} Stanford University |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/schoolofengineering/ |access-date=May 29, 2018 |publisher=exploredegrees.stanford.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913232944/https://bulletin.stanford.edu/pages/w34NFUmejruFXc9pkZZd |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability|Sustainability]] (nine departments)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bulletin.stanford.edu/pages/8mcCNkWH0chPAJwAHNnU |title=Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability |work=Stanford Bulletin |access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref> have both graduate and undergraduate programs while the Schools of [[Stanford Law School|Law]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Law |url=https://law.stanford.edu/ |access-date=March 25, 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=July 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729125135/https://law.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanford University School of Medicine|Medicine]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Medicine |url=https://med.stanford.edu/ |access-date=March 21, 2022}}</ref> [[Stanford University Graduate School of Education|Education]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Education |url=https://ed.stanford.edu/ |access-date=March 15, 2022 |website=Stanford Graduate School of Education |language=en-US |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318092521/https://ed.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Stanford Graduate School of Business|Business]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Business |url=http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/ |access-date=March 29, 2022 |website=Stanford Graduate School of Business |language=en-US |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915213559/http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> have graduate programs only. The powers and authority of the faculty are vested in the Academic Council, which is made up of tenure and non-tenure line faculty, research faculty, senior fellows in some policy centers and institutes, the president of the university, and some other academic administrators.<ref name="academic_council">{{cite web |title=Stanford Faculty Handbook Chapter 2: Appointments, Reappointments and Promotions in the Professoriate |url=https://facultyhandbook.stanford.edu/index/chapter-2-appointments-reappointments-and-promotions-professoriate | publisher=Stanford University | access-date=October 19, 2024}}</ref> But most matters are handled by the Faculty Senate, made up of 54 elected representatives of the faculty for 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Faculty Senate – University Governance and Organization |url=https://facultysenate.stanford.edu/ |access-date=February 10, 2022 |website=facultysenate.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=February 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207183710/https://facultysenate.stanford.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Associated Students of Stanford University (ASSU) is the student government for Stanford and all registered students are members. Its elected leadership consists of the Undergraduate Senate elected by the undergraduate students, the Graduate Student Council elected by the graduate students, and the President and Vice President elected as a [[Ticket (election)|ticket]] by the entire student body.<ref>{{cite web |title=University Governance and Organization |url=http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#assutext |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=bulletin.stanford.edu |publisher=Stanford University |language=en-US |archive-date=December 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220163004/http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/universitygovernanceandorganization/#assutext |url-status=live }}</ref> Stanford is the beneficiary of a special clause in the [[California Constitution]], which explicitly exempts Stanford property from taxation so long as the property is used for educational purposes.<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Joseph R. |last1=Grodin |first2=Calvin R. |last2=Massey |first3=Richard B. |last3=Cunningham |title=The California State Constitution: A Reference Guide |location=Westport, Connecticut |page=311 |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1993 |isbn=0-313-27228-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NKa8xj8wgYUC&pg=PA311}}</ref>

=== Endowment, assets, and donations ===
{{Main article|Stanford University endowment}}
Stanford's endowment includes real estate and other investments valued at $36.5 billion as of August 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2023-08-31 |title=FAQ |url=https://smc.stanford.edu/faq/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Investment Office of Stanford Management Company |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706072421/https://smc.stanford.edu/faq/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and is one of the four [[List of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment|largest academic endowments]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Sarah |date=2023-10-02 |title=15 National Universities With the Biggest Endowments |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/the-short-list-college/articles/10-universities-with-the-biggest-endowments |access-date=July 3, 2024 |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720170959/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/the-short-list-college/articles/10-universities-with-the-biggest-endowments |url-status=live }}</ref> The endowment consists of $29.9 billion in a merged pool of assets and $6.6 billion of real estate near the main campus. Stanford is the largest landowner in the Silicon Valley<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stock |first1=Stephen |last2=Villarreal |first2=Mark |last3=Myers |first3=Sean |last4=Nious • |first4=Kevin |date=2019-11-01 |title=Who Owns Silicon Valley: Stanford? |url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/who-owns-silicon-valley-stanford/2061716/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=NBC Bay Area |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233505/https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/who-owns-silicon-valley-stanford/2061716/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Payouts from the endowment covered approximately 22% of university expenses in the 2023 fiscal year.<ref name="2023FinRep">As of August 31, 2023. {{cite web |url=https://news.stanford.edu/2023/10/12/stanford-university-reports-return-investment-portfolio-value-endowment-2/ |title=Stanford University reports return on investment portfolio, value of endowment |date=October 12, 2023 |access-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233507/https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2023/10/stanford-university-reports-return-investment-portfolio-value-endowment-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> 

Since inception, the university has been the beneficiary of large donations. The endowment began in 1885, six years before the opening of the university, when Leland Stanford and his wife Jane conveyed approximately $20 million to the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Stanford University {{!}} Bondholder Information |url=https://bondholder-information.stanford.edu/about/about-stanford-university |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=bondholder-information.stanford.edu |language=en |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233606/https://bondholder-information.stanford.edu/about/about-stanford-university |url-status=live }}</ref> The university's pioneering of technology intellectual property transfer created both direct investments and enabled a unique pipeline of mega-donors<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liang |first1=Weixin |last2=Elrod |first2=Scott |last3=McFarland |first3=Daniel A. |last4=Zou |first4=James |date=2022-09-09 |title=Systematic analysis of 50 years of Stanford University technology transfer and commercialization |journal=Patterns |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=100584 |doi=10.1016/j.patter.2022.100584 |pmid=36124300 |issn=2666-3899|pmc=9481953 }}</ref> including from alumni-founded companies with [[Google]] ([[Sergey Brin]] and [[Larry Page]]), [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] ([[Phil Knight]]),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berman |first=Jillian |date=2016-02-24 |title=Nike's Phil Knight explains why he gave Stanford $400 million |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nike-ceo-phil-knight-explains-why-he-gave-stanford-400-million-2016-02-24 |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=[[MarketWatch]] |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202215055/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nike-ceo-phil-knight-explains-why-he-gave-stanford-400-million-2016-02-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Hewlett-Packard]] ([[David Packard]] and [[Bill Hewlett]]),<ref>{{Cite web |last=magazine |first=STANFORD |date=2001-03-01 |title=Father Figure |url=https://stanfordmag.org/contents/father-figure |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=stanfordmag.org |language=en |archive-date=July 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730044825/https://stanfordmag.org/contents/father-figure |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Sun Microsystems]] ([[Vinod Khosla|Vinod Kohsla]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Donors Accelerate COVID-19 Research and Drug Trials |url=https://medicalgiving.stanford.edu/why-giving-matters/Stanford-donors-accelerate-COVID-19-research-and-drug-trials.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Medical Center Development |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233507/https://medicalgiving.stanford.edu/why-giving-matters/Stanford-donors-accelerate-COVID-19-research-and-drug-trials.html |url-status=live }}</ref> as examples. Further, the university's global reputation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Technology Research Universities in the World: Cpst.org |url=http://www.cpst.org/10-technology-research-universities.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=www.cpst.org |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913233531/http://www.cpst.org/10-technology-research-universities.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and continued leadership in technology<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewalt |first=David |date=2019-10-23 |title=Most Innovative Universities in the world 2019 |url=https://www.reuters.com/graphics/AMERS-REUTERS%20RANKING-INNOVATIVE-UNIVERSITIES/0100B2JP1W1/index.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Reuters |archive-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516183044/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/AMERS-REUTERS%20RANKING-INNOVATIVE-UNIVERSITIES/0100B2JP1W1/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> has attracted large donations from prominent figures such as the co-founder of [[Netscape]] ([[James H. Clark|Jim Clark]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Jim Clark's $150 Million Gift to Stanford University |url=https://news.stanford.edu/2001/07/30/clarkgift |work=Stanford News Service }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> founder of [[SAP|SAP SE]] ([[Hasso Plattner]]),<ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-10-03 |title=SAP founder gives $35 million for Stanford D-School |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2005-10-02/sap-founder-gives-35-million-for-stanford-d-school |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en }}</ref> co-founder of [[Andreessen Horowitz]] ([[Marc Andreessen]] and [[Laura Arrillaga-Andreessen|Laura Arillaga-Andreessen]]),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clark |first=Don |date=2013-06-28 |title=Silicon Valley Donor Gives Big Again to Stanford |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-27480 |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |archive-date=December 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205154008/https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-27480 |url-status=live }}</ref> chairman of [[Kleiner Perkins]] ([[John Doerr]] and his wife Ann).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gelles |first=David |date=2022-05-04 |title=Stanford Gets $1.1 Billion for New Climate School From John Doerr |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/04/climate/john-doerr-stanford-climate.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626094926/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/04/climate/john-doerr-stanford-climate.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:The-Golden-Spike-7Oct2012.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.56|The original [[Golden spike]] on display at the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University]]