Editing Standing (law) (section)

===Standing requirements===
There are three standing requirements:

# '''Injury-in-fact:''' The plaintiff must have suffered or imminently will suffer injury—an invasion of a legally protected interest that is (a) concrete and particularized, and (b) actual or imminent (that is, neither conjectural nor hypothetical; not abstract).<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Varma
|first1=Corey
|year=2016
|title=The Presumption of Injury: Giving Data Breach Victims 'A Leg To Stand On'
|journal=Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law 
|volume=32
|issue=4
|url=http://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1794&context=jitpl
 }}</ref><ref>{{ussc|name=Clapper v. Amnesty International USA|568|398|2013}}</ref> The injury can be either economic, non-economic, or both.
# '''Causation:''' There must be a causal connection between the injury and the conduct complained of, so that the injury is fairly traceable to the challenged action of the defendant and not the result of the independent action of some third party who is not before the court.<ref>For example, ''[[Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency]]''  (global warming caused by EPA's refusal to regulate [[carbon dioxide]] emissions satisfied element of causation for Massachusetts's alleged injury of loss of coastland).</ref>
# '''Redressability:''' It must be likely, as opposed to merely speculative, that a favorable court decision will redress the injury.<ref name="Lujan v 1992">{{ussc|name=Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife|504|555|1992}}.</ref>