Editing Soviet calendar (section)

== National holidays ==
On 10 December 1918 six [[Bolshevik]] holidays were decreed during which work was prohibited.<ref name=Shilova>Irina Shilova, [https://www.utoronto.ca/tsq/19/shilova19.shtml "Building the Bolshevik calendar through ''Pravda'' and ''Izvestiia''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123010519/http://www.utoronto.ca/tsq/19/shilova19.shtml |date=23 January 2014 }}, ''[[Toronto Slavic Quarterly]]'' No. 19 (Winter 2007). She named the holidays associated with five- and six-day weeks the "Stalin calendar" to distinguish them from the holidays of the previous eleven years, which she called the "Bolshevik calendar".</ref><ref>[http://www.hist.msu.ru/Labour/Law/kodex_18.htm ПРАВИЛА ОБ ЕЖЕНЕДЕЛЬНОМ ОТДЫХЕ И О ПРАЗДНИЧНЫХ ДНЯХ (Rules concerning weekly rest days and holidays)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094014/http://www.hist.msu.ru/Labour/Law/kodex_18.htm |date=18 May 2015 }} {{in lang|ru}} Last annex.</ref>
* 1 January – New Year's Day
* 22 January – Day of 9 January 1905
*: Commemorates [[Bloody Sunday (1905)|Bloody Sunday]] on 9 January 1905 (Julian) or 22 January 1905 (Gregorian)
* 12 March – Day of the Overthrow of the Autocracy
*: Commemorates the mutiny of the [[Imperial Guard (Russia)|Imperial Guard]]s (about 60,000 soldiers) in Petrograd (now [[Saint Petersburg]]) on {{nowrap|27 February 1917}} (Julian) or {{nowrap|12 March 1917}} (Gregorian) during the [[February Revolution#Tsar's return and abdication|February Revolution]]
* 18 March – Day of the [[Paris Commune]]
*: Commemorates the uprising of the [[National Guard (France)|National Guard]] of [[Paris]] on {{nowrap|18 March 1871}} (Gregorian) which established the Paris Commune
* 1 May – Day of the International<ref>The name of the holiday is uniformly given in Russian sources as "день Интернационала" (e.g., in А.И. Щербинин (A.I. Shcherbinin) [http://sun.tsu.ru/mminfo/000063105/phil/03/image/03-052.pdf «КРАСНЫЙ ДЕНЬ КАЛЕНДАРЯ»: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МАТРИЦЫ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ В РОССИИ ("The red day in the calendar": the formation of the political time perception matrix in Russia)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116003248/https://www.lib.tsu.ru/mminfo/000063105/phil/03/image/03-052.pdf |date=16 November 2022 }}), and is somewhat quaintly translated by Shilova (2007) as "Day of International". The name could probably be translated literally as "Day of the International", where "the International" initially (1918) may not have directly referred to either the already defunct [[Second International]] or to the [[Third International]] (which was yet to be officially established), but to the general idea of an international Labor/Communist solidarity organization. Incidentally, the name of the international Communist anthem, [[The Internationale]], is spelled the same way in Russian.</ref>
*: Celebration within Russia and later the Soviet Union of [[International Workers' Day]]
* 7 November – Day of the [[October Revolution|Proletarian Revolution]]
*: Commemorates the [[Bolshevik]] uprising on 25 October 1917 (Julian) or 7 November 1917 (Gregorian)

In January 1925, the anniversary of Lenin's death in 1924 was added on {{nowrap|21 January}}. Although other events were commemorated on other dates, they were not days of rest. Originally, the "May holidays" and "November holidays" were one day each ({{nowrap|1 May}} and {{nowrap|7 November}}), but both were extended from one to two days in 1928, making {{nowrap|2 May}} and {{nowrap|8 November}} public holidays as well.<ref>Постановление ВЦИК, СНК РСФСР 30.07.1928 «Об изменении статей 111 и 112 Кодекса законов о труде РСФСР». (Order of the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee]] and the [[Council of the People's Commissars]] of the [[RSFSR]], "Regarding changes of Articles 111 and 112 of the Labor Code of the RSFSR"). Presumably, other [[Republics of the Soviet Union|member republics]] of the USSR passed similar legislation as well.</ref>

Until 1929, regional labor union councils or local governments were authorized to set up additional public holidays, totaling to up to 10 days a year. Although people would not work on those days, they would not be ''paid'' holidays.<ref>[http://www.hist.msu.ru/Labour/Law/kodex_18.htm RSFSR Labor Code (1918)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094014/http://www.hist.msu.ru/Labour/Law/kodex_18.htm |date=18 May 2015 }}, Article 8. {{in lang|ru}} Also quoted in Shcherbinin, p. 57.</ref><ref>Декрет СНК РСФСР от 17.06.1920 «Общее положение о тарифе (Правила об условиях найма и оплаты труда рабочих и служащих всех предприятий, учреждений и хозяйств в РСФСР).» (Decree of the [[Council of the People's Commissars]] of the [[RSFSR]], "General [wage] rate regulations (Regulations of the conditions of hire and paying of wages of the employees of all enterprises, organizations, and farm estates in the RSFSR)".</ref> Typically, at least some of these days were used for religious feast, typically those of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], but in some localities possibly those of other religions as well.<ref>Shcherbinin, p. 57</ref>

On 24 September 1929, three holidays were eliminated, {{nowrap|1 January}}, {{nowrap|12 March}}, and {{nowrap|18 March}}. Lenin's Day on {{nowrap|21 January}} was merged with {{nowrap|22 January}}. The resulting five holidays continued to be celebrated until 1951, when {{nowrap|22 January}} ceased to be a holiday. See [[:ru:История праздников России|История праздников России]] (History of the festivals of Russia).<ref name=Riga/><ref name=Parry/><ref name=Kingsbury/><ref Name=Shilova/><ref name=Schwarz31>[Solomon M. Schwarz], "The continuous working week in Soviet Russia", ''[[International Labour Review]]'' '''23''' (1931) 157–180.</ref><ref name=Steel>Duncan Steel, ''Marking Time'' (New York: John Wiley, 2000) 293–294.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120904182928/http://www.knukim-edu.kiev.ua/download/ZakonySSSR/data04/tex16625.htm ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ от 24 сентября 1929 года: О РАБОЧЕМ ВРЕМЕНИ И ВРЕМЕНИ ОТДЫХА В ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ И УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ, ПЕРЕХОДЯЩИХ НА НЕПРЕРЫВНУЮ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННУЮ НЕДЕЛЮ (Decree of 24 September 1929: Hours of work and leisure time in the enterprises and institutions switching to the continuous production week) {{in lang|ru}}]</ref>
* 22 January – Day of Remembrance of 9 January 1905 and of the Memory of V.I. Lenin
*: Commemorates Bloody Sunday on 9 January 1905 (Julian) or 22 January 1905 (Gregorian) and the death of [[Vladimir Lenin]] on {{nowrap|21 January 1925}} (Gregorian)
* 1–2 May – [[International Workers' Day|Days of the International]]
* 7–8 November – Days of the Anniversary of the [[October Revolution]]

Two ''Journal of Calendar Reform'' articles (1938 and 1943) have two misunderstandings, specifying {{nowrap|9 January}} and {{nowrap|26 October}}, not realizing that both are [[Julian calendar]] dates equivalent to the unspecified Gregorian dates {{nowrap|22 January}} and {{nowrap|8 November}}, so they specify {{nowrap|9 January}}, {{nowrap|21 January}}, {{nowrap|1 May}}, {{nowrap|26 October}}, and {{nowrap|7 November}}, plus a quadrennial leap day.<ref name=Echlin/><ref name=Ketchum/>