Editing South Bend, Indiana (section)

===Recent history===
On September 29, 1929, South Bend completed its "track elevation program".<ref name=trackelevration>{{cite web |last1=Titus |first1=Jacob |title=South Bend's New Front: The Track Elevation of 1929 |url=https://westsb.com/content/elevation |publisher=West.SB |access-date=30 November 2019 |date=29 September 2019}}</ref> This was a railroad infrastructure project which saw the removal of [[Grand Trunk Western Railroad]] tracks from Division Street, the removal of [[level crossing]]s from Chapin to Miami streets, the creation of a modern freight layout, and the construction of [[Union Station (South Bend, Indiana)|Union Station]].<ref name=trackelevration/> This project had been seventeen years in the making,<ref name=trackelevration/> and had been the subject of the [[Indiana Supreme Court]] case Vandalia Railroad v. South Bend, which was subsequently affirmed by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].<ref name=trackelevration/><ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Reports: Vandalia Railroad v. South Bend, 207 U.S. 359 (1907). |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/usrep207359/ |publisher=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref>

In 1949, percussionist [[Lionel Hampton]] was informed that his concert at South Bend's Palais du Royale would be a blacks-only event; he threatened to call for a boycott of the venue, and the affair proceeded as an integrated evening, which newspapers said led to all attendees breaking out in "paroxysms of ecstasy".<ref>{{Cite journal |title = Hampton Kayos Jim Crow at South Bend Dance Date |date = March 12, 1949 |journal = Pittsburgh Courier }}</ref>

By 1950, more than half of all employment was in the manufacturing sector.<ref name="EconMan">Indiana Business Review "[http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/IBR/2002/outlook03/southbend.html ASouth Bend/Mishawaka – Elkhart/Goshen]." Retrieved on January 2, 2008.</ref> Due to economic difficulties, [[Studebaker]] closed its automotive manufacturing plants in South Bend in December 1963.<ref name="EarlyHist">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20030331205240/http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_stjoe_history.html#sb "Early South Bend"]}}, Northern Indiana Center for History, Retrieved August 30, 2006.</ref> A general decline in manufacturing soon followed as industry was restructured nationwide. By 2000, only 16% of the local economy consisted of manufacturing. Due to the severe loss of jobs, the city's population decreased by nearly 30,000 during that period.<ref name="EconMan" /> This decline of industry and population loss led to the area being designated as part of the midwestern [[Rust Belt]] due to the effects of [[deindustrialization]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prizant |first=Yael |date=2017 |title=Reimagining the Rust Belt: South Bend, Indiana, and The Citizen Project |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/212/article/718435 |journal=Studies in the Literary Imagination |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=21–43 |doi=10.1353/sli.2017.0004 |s2cid=159477281 |issn=2165-2678}}</ref>

In 1984, South Bend community leaders began seeking a minor-league baseball team for the city. A stadium was constructed in 1986 and a 10-year player-development contract was signed with the [[Chicago White Sox]]. The team would be known as the South Bend White Sox. In 1994, the team's name was changed to the South Bend Silver Hawks,<ref name="SilverHawks">South Bend Silver Hawks "[http://www.silverhawks.com/coveleski/aboutcove/ About The Cove] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230204537/http://www.silverhawks.com/coveleski/aboutcove/ |date=2007-12-30 }}." Retrieved August 30, 2006.</ref> and then to the [[South Bend Cubs]] in 2015. They are a Class A minor league affiliate of the Chicago Cubs in the Midwest League.

In 2015, the City of South Bend celebrated its 150th birthday. The yearlong festival culminated with the ceremonial illumination of the first River Lights along the St. Joseph River. Mayor [[Pete Buttigieg]] welcomed the coming of the next 150 years of South Bend's heritage accompanied by five previous South Bend mayors: Steve Luecke, Joe Kernan, Roger Parent, Peter Nemeth and Jerry Miller.<ref>{{cite web |title = South Bend lights up for 150th birthday bash |url = http://www.southbendtribune.com/entertainment/inthebend/sb150/south-bend-lights-up-for-th-birthday-bash/article_6e12c2be-012f-11e5-8854-87b7e50b8ace.html |website = South Bend Tribune |access-date = February 19, 2016 }}</ref>

In 2015, the city's population increased by 286, the largest one-year growth in over twenty years.<ref name="Hawks">Indianapolis, Fort Wayne, South Bend see population growth "[http://www.washtimesherald.com/news/indianapolis-fort-wayne-south-bend-see-population-growth/article_68a5b187-37d7-5159-b960-1771717d16a3.html Population Growth]." Retrieved June 5, 2015.</ref> The former [[Studebaker]] plant has been developed as the [[Ignition Park]] center to attract new businesses, especially in the tech industry.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Ignition Park an Indiana State-Certified Technology Park|url=http://www.ignitionpark.com/aboutignitionpark.asp|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311230332/http://www.ignitionpark.com/aboutignitionpark.asp|archive-date=March 11, 2016|access-date=December 17, 2015|publisher=Ignition Park}}</ref> South Bend has also seen new development, particularly in the tech field, a decline in unemployment, and a renewal of the downtown area under Buttigieg's tenure, which has been described as a revival and South Bend as a 'turnaround city'.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Tullis |first1=Paul |title=Pete Buttigieg Revived South Bend With Tech. Up Next: America |url=https://www.wired.com/story/pete-buttigieg-revived-south-bend-with-tech-up-next-america/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=23 July 2019 |date=11 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hicks |first1=Michael J. |title=An Indiana economist looks at South Bend's revival under Pete Buttigieg |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/an-indiana-economist-looks-at-south-bends-revival-under-pete-buttigieg-2019-04-12 |website=MarketWatch |date=April 19, 2019 |access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Turnaround city': Pete Buttigieg pushes theme of South Bend revival in run for president |url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/politics/turnaround-city-pete-buttigieg-pushes-theme-of-south-bend-revival/article_8088b4d0-9620-54cf-ada9-594918e724dc.html |website=South Bend Tribune |access-date=23 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Manier |first1=Jeremy |title=South Bend, a postindustrial Everycity, is riding the Pete Buttigieg presidential wave |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-south-bend-underdog-rust-belt-city-buttigieg-20190416-story.html |website=chicagotribune.com |date=April 16, 2019 |access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Did South Bend unemployment fall by half under Buttigieg? |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2019/apr/10/pete-buttigieg/did-south-bend-unemployment-fall-half-under-mayor-/ |website=@politifact |access-date=23 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> South Bend also was in the national spotlight during the 2019-20 Democratic presidential campaign of former mayor Buttigieg.