Editing Singapore (section)

=== Republic of Singapore ===
{{See also|Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965}}
[[File:Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore Making a Toast at a State Dinner Held in His Honor, 1975.jpg|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Lee Kuan Yew]], the first prime minister of Singapore.]]

After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965,<ref>{{cite news |title=Road to Independence |url=http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/merger.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013002423/http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/merger.html |archive-date=13 October 2013 |publisher=Headlines, Lifelines, by [[AsiaOne]] |year=1998}}</ref><ref name="ST 10 Aug Front page">{{cite news |last1=Abisheganaden |first1=Felix |title=Singapore is out |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1965-08-10/full.jpg |access-date=21 February 2022 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]] |date=10 August 1965 |archive-date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221051204/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1965-08-10/full.jpg |url-status=live}}</ref> with [[Lee Kuan Yew]] and [[Yusof bin Ishak]] as the first prime minister and president respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Past and present leaders of Singapore |website=Infopedia |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_139_2005-01-19.html |publisher=National Libraries Board |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200505061547/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_139_2005-01-19.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Yusof to be the first President |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651215-1.2.60 |website=The Straits Times |location=Singapore |date=1 February 1960 |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |via=National Libraries Board |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200807064731/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651215-1.2.60 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1967, the country co-founded the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN).<ref>{{cite wikisource|Bangkok Declaration}}</ref> Race riots [[1969 race riots of Singapore|broke out once more]] in 1969.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sandhu |first1=Kernial Singh |last2=Wheatley |first2=Paul |title=Management of Success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-3035-42-3 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldKwPQ2PyBAC&pg=PA107 |year=1989}}</ref> Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century.<ref>Terry McCarthy, "Lee Kuan Yew." ''Time ''154: 7–8 (1999). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104451/http://madeinthoughts.com/pdf/LeeKuanYew.pdf online]</ref><ref name="lky-7prin" /> Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the [[wafer fabrication]] sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour. [[Singapore Changi Airport]] was opened in 1981 and [[Singapore Airlines]] was formed.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Changi Airport |publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore |url=http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/en/about_us/history_changi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060629014047/http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/en/about_us/history_changi.html |archive-date=29 June 2006}}</ref> The [[Port of Singapore]] became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lunch Dialogue on 'Singapore as a Transport Hub' |url=https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/events/details/lunch-dialogue-on-singapore-as-a-transport-hub |website=Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-date=17 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117104954/https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/events/details/lunch-dialogue-on-singapore-as-a-transport-hub|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lam |first1=Yin Yin |title=Three factors that have made Singapore a global logistics hub |url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/three-factors-have-made-singapore-global-logistics-hub |website=The World Bank Blogs |date=26 January 2017|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-date=17 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117105041/http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/three-factors-have-made-singapore-global-logistics-hub|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[People's Action Party]] (PAP) has remained in power since independence. Some activists and opposition politicians see the government's strict regulation of political and media activities as an infringement on political rights.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore elections |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=5 May 2006 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4976536.stm|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=15 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115181132/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4976536.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, Singapore has seen several significant political changes, such as the introduction of the non-constituency members of parliament in 1984 to allow up to three losing candidates from opposition parties to be appointed as MPs. Group representation constituencies (GRCs) were introduced in 1988 to create multi-seat electoral divisions, intended to ensure minority representation in parliament.<ref>{{Singapore legislation|title=Parliamentary Elections Act|cap=218|titlelink=Parliamentary Elections Act (Singapore)}}</ref> Nominated members of parliament were introduced in 1990 to allow non-elected non-partisan MPs.<ref name="HoKhaiLeong">Ho Khai Leong (2003). ''Shared Responsibilities, Unshared Power: The Politics of Policy-Making in Singapore''. Eastern Univ Pr. {{ISBN|978-981-210-218-8}}</ref> The [[Constitution of Singapore|constitution]] was amended in 1991 to provide for an [[President of Singapore|elected president]] who has veto power in the use of [[Reserves of the Government of Singapore|past reserves]] and appointments to certain public offices.<ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential Elections |publisher=Elections Department Singapore |date=18 April 2006 |url=http://www.elections.gov.sg/presidential_elections.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827213801/http://www.elections.gov.sg/presidential_elections.htm|archive-date=27 August 2008}}</ref>

In 1990, [[Goh Chok Tong]] succeeded Lee and became Singapore's second prime minister.<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Singapore |date=2006 |location=Singapore |publisher=Tailsman Publishing |isbn=978-981-05-5667-9 |page=82 |url=http://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/item_holding_s.aspx?bid=12751459|access-date=19 August 2017|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707102725/http://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/item_holding_s.aspx?bid=12751459|url-status=live}}</ref> During Goh's tenure, the country went through the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]] and the 2003 [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS]] outbreak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Yeoh |first=En-Lai |date=9 April 2003 |title=Singapore Woman Linked to 100 SARS Cases |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref name="Goh">{{cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_860_2004-12-27.html |title=Goh Chok Tong |publisher=National Library Board|access-date=6 February 2017|archive-date=29 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729194333/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_860_2004-12-27.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, [[Lee Hsien Loong]], the eldest son of [[Lee Kuan Yew]], became the country's third prime minister.<ref name="Goh" /> Lee Hsien Loong's tenure included the [[2008 financial crisis]], the resolution of a [[Malaysia–Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990|dispute over land ownership]] at [[Tanjong Pagar railway station]] between Singapore and Malaysia, the introduction of the two [[integrated resort]]s (IRs), located at the [[Marina Bay Sands]] and [[Resorts World Sentosa]], and the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Country profile: Singapore |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1143240.stm|access-date=22 April 2010 |date=15 July 2009|archive-date=29 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229042533/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1143240.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> The PAP suffered its [[2011 Singaporean general election|worst ever electoral results]] in 2011, winning just 60% of votes, amidst debate over issues including the influx of foreign workers and the high cost of living.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/ge2015-a-look-back-at-the-last-5-general-elections-from-1991-to-2011 |title=GE2015: A look back at the last 5 general elections from 1991 to 2011 |last=hermesauto |date=28 August 2015 |work=The Straits Times|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007073757/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/ge2015-a-look-back-at-the-last-5-general-elections-from-1991-to-2011|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 March 2015, Lee Kuan Yew [[Death and state funeral of Lee Kuan Yew|died]], and a one-week period of public mourning was observed nationwide.<ref name="lky-7prin">{{cite news |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/remembering-lee-kuan-yew-our-chief-diplomat-to-the-world |title=Lee Kuan Yew: Our chief diplomat to the world |date=25 March 2015 |work=The Straits Times |location=Singapore|access-date=8 November 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026020834/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/remembering-lee-kuan-yew-our-chief-diplomat-to-the-world|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, the PAP regained its dominance in Parliament through the [[2015 Singaporean general election|September general election]], receiving 69.9% of the popular vote,<ref name=BTresults>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=U-Wen |title=PAP racks up landslide win, takes 83 out of 89 seats |url=http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-general-election/pap-racks-up-landslide-win-takes-83-out-of-89-seats |work=Business Times (Singapore) |access-date=13 September 2015 |archive-date=13 September 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150913023301/http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-general-election/pap-racks-up-landslide-win-takes-83-out-of-89-seats}}</ref> although this remained lower than the 2001 tally of 75.3%<ref name=STresults>{{cite news |last=Heng |first=Janice |title=For PAP, the numbers hark back to 2001 polls showing |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/for-pap-the-numbers-hark-back-to-2001-polls-showing |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=12 September 2015 |location=Singapore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912094804/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/for-pap-the-numbers-hark-back-to-2001-polls-showing|url-status=live|archive-date=12 September 2015}}</ref> and the 1968 tally of 86.7%.<ref name="ELE">{{cite web |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_549_2004-12-28.html |title=History of general elections in Singapore |publisher=National Library Board|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204130922/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_549_2004-12-28.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[2020 Singaporean general election|2020 election]] held in July saw the PAP drop to 61% of the vote, while the [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Workers' Party]] took 10 of the 93 seats, the highest number ever won by another party.<ref name="Economist2020election">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/07/18/why-so-many-singaporeans-voted-for-the-opposition |title=Why so many Singaporeans voted for the opposition |newspaper=The Economist |date=18 July 2020 |access-date=20 July 2020 |archive-date=20 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720041203/https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/07/18/why-so-many-singaporeans-voted-for-the-opposition |url-status=live}}</ref>
On 15 May 2024, [[Lawrence Wong]] became Singapore's fourth Prime Minister; he is the first prime minister born after independence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/singapore-swear-lawrence-wong-prime-212009750.html |title=Singapore to swear in Lawrence Wong as new prime minister |website=Yahoo! News Singapore |date=14 May 2024 |agency=Agence France-Presse |access-date=15 May 2024 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515110042/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/singapore-swear-lawrence-wong-prime-212009750.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His first electoral test in the [[2025 Singaporean general election|2025 election]] saw the PAP winning 65.5% of the vote and 87 out of 97 seats in Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sen |first1=Ng Jun |title=GE2025: Stunning victory for PAP, winning 87 of 97 seats with higher national vote share in PM Wong's first electoral test |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/ge2025-pap-secures-victory-seats-opposition-challenge-5107201 |website=CNA |access-date=7 May 2025 |language=en |date=4 May 2025}}</ref>