Editing Simone de Beauvoir (section)

=== Later years ===
[[File:Núñez-Beauvoir-Sartre-Che Guevara.jpg|thumb| [[Antonio Núñez Jiménez]], Beauvoir, [[Sartre]] and [[Che Guevara]] in Cuba, 1960.]]
[[File:President Nasser-Sagan-Sartre.jpg|thumb|[[Egypt|Egypt's]] President [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], Beauvoir, [[Sartre]] and [[Claude Lanzmann]] in Cairo, 1967.]]

Beauvoir wrote popular travel diaries about time spent in the United States<ref>de Beauvoir, "America Day by Day", Carol Cosman (Translator) and Douglas Brinkley (Foreword), Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. {{ISBN|9780520210677}}.</ref> and China and published essays and fiction rigorously, especially throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Her 1955 travels in China were the basis of her 1957 travelogue ''The Long March'', in which she praised the efforts of the Chinese communists to [[Feminism in Chinese communism|emancipate women]].<ref name="Crean">{{Cite book |last=Crean |first=Jeffrey |title=The Fear of Chinese Power: an International History |date=2024 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |isbn=978-1-350-23394-2 |edition= |series=New Approaches to International History series |location=London, UK |pages=93}}</ref>

She published several volumes of short stories, including ''The Woman Destroyed'', which, like some of her other later work, deals with aging.
She lived with [[Claude Lanzmann]] from 1952 to 1959,<ref>{{cite news |author=Menand, Louis |date=26 September 2005 |title=Stand By Your Man |magazine=The New Yorker |publisher=Condé Nast |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/09/26/stand-by-your-man |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> but perhaps her most famous lover was American author [[Nelson Algren]]. Beauvoir met Algren in Chicago in 1947, while she was on a four-month "exploration" trip of the United States using various means of transport: automobile, train, and [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]]. She kept a detailed diary of the trip, which was published in France in 1948 with the title ''America Day by Day''.<ref>Algren was her guide through the Chicago underworld, among drug addicts and petty thieves. {{Cite book |last=De Beauvoir |first=Simone |url=https://archive.org/details/americadaybyday0000beau |title=America Day by Day |date=1999 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520209794 |location=Berkeley |access-date=29 July 2023}}</ref> She wrote to him across the Atlantic as "my beloved husband."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Drew |first=Bettina |date=27 September 1998 |title=Simone de Beauvoir's Love Letters to Nelson Algren |work=Chicago Tribune |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1998/09/27/simone-de-beauvoirs-love-letters-to-nelson-algren/}}</ref> Algren won the National Book Award for ''[[The Man with the Golden Arm (novel)|The Man with the Golden Arm]]'' in 1950, and in 1954, Beauvoir won France's [[Prix Goncourt|most prestigious literary prize]] for ''[[The Mandarins]],'' in which Algren is the character Lewis Brogan. Algren vociferously objected to their intimacy becoming public. Years after they separated, she was buried wearing his gift of a silver ring.<ref>{{cite news |author=Le Bon-de Beauvoir, Sylvie |author-link=Sylvie Le Bon-de Beauvoir |year=1997 |title=Preface: A Transatlantic Love Affair |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/d/debeauvoir-love.html |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Nelson Algren NYWTS.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Waist high portrait of middle aged man reading|Algren in 1956]]

When Beauvoir visited Algren in Chicago, [[Art Shay]] took well-known nude and portrait photos of Beauvoir. Shay also wrote a play based on Algren, Beauvoir, and Sartre's triangular relationship. The play was stage read in 1999 in Chicago.

Beauvoir also wrote a four-volume autobiography, consisting of ''Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter'', ''The Prime of Life'', ''Force of Circumstance'' (sometimes published in two volumes in English translation: ''After the War'' and ''Hard Times''), and ''All Said and Done''.<ref name="iep.utm.edu" /> In 1964 Beauvoir published a novella-length autobiography, ''A Very Easy Death'', covering the time she spent visiting her aging mother, who was dying of cancer. The novella brings up questions of ethical concerns with truth-telling in doctor-patient relationships.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willms |first=Janice |date=1997-12-18 |title=A Very Easy Death |url=http://medhum.med.nyu.edu/view/417 |access-date=2019-04-23 |website=NYU Langone Health}}</ref>

Her 1970 long essay [[La Vieillesse]] (''The Coming of Age'') is a rare instance of an intellectual meditation on the decline and solitude all humans experience if they do not die before about the age of 60.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodward |first=Kathleen |date=1993 |title=Simone de Beauvoir: Prospects for the Future of Older Women |journal=Generations |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=23}}</ref>

In the 1970s Beauvoir became active in France's [[women's liberation movement]]. She wrote and signed the [[Manifesto of the 343]] in 1971, a manifesto that included a list of famous women who claimed to have had an abortion, then illegal in France. Signatories were diverse{{clarify|date=February 2019}} as [[Catherine Deneuve]], [[Delphine Seyrig]], and Beauvoir's sister Hélène. In 1974, abortion was legalized in France.

When asked in a 1975 interview with [[Betty Friedan]] if she would support a minimum wage for women who do housework, Beauvoir answered: "No, we don’t believe that any woman should have this choice. No woman should be authorized to stay at home and raise her children. Society should be different. Women should not have that choice, precisely because if there is such a choice, too many women will make that one. It is a way of forcing women in a certain direction", further stating that motherhood "should be a choice, and not a result of conditioning”.<ref>"Sex, Society, and the Female Dilemma". Interview with Betty Friedan, ''The Saturday Review'' (pp. 12-21), June 14, 1975.</ref><ref>Betty Friedan, 1998, “It changed my life: Writings on the woman’s movement”, p. 397-398. ISBN 9780674468856</ref>

In about 1976, Beauvoir and [[Sylvie Le Bon-de Beauvoir|Sylvie Le Bon]] made a trip to New York City in the United States to visit [[Kate Millett]] on her farm.<ref>Appignanesi 2005, p. 160.</ref>{{clarify|date=February 2019|reason=what makes this noteworthy?}}

In 1977, Beauvoir signed a [[French petition against age of consent laws|petition]] along with other French intellectuals that supported the freeing of three arrested [[paedophile]]s.<ref name="Krizman">"''Sexual Morality and the Law''", Chapter 16 of ''Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings 1977-1984''. Edited by Lawrence D. Krizman. New York/London: 1990, Routledge, {{ISBN|0-415-90149-9}}, p. 275.</ref><ref name="Henley">{{cite news |author=Henley, Jon |date=23 February 2001 |title=Calls for legal child sex rebound on luminaries of May 68 |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/24/jonhenley |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> The petition  explicitly addresses the 'Affaire de Versailles', where three adult men, Dejager (age 45), Gallien (age 43), and Burckhardt (age 39) had sexual relations with minors of both sexes aged 12–13.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 January 1977 |title=À Propos d'un Procès |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1977/01/26/a-propos-d-un-proces_2854399_1819218.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Matzneff : les signataires d'une pétition pro-pédophilie de 1977 ont-ils émis des regrets ?|url=https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2020/01/02/matzneff-les-signataires-d-une-petition-pro-pedophilie-de-1977-ont-ils-emis-des-regrets_1771174/|date=January 2, 2020|language=French|author=Andraca, Robin|newspaper=[[Libération]]}}</ref>

''[[When Things of the Spirit Come First]]'', a set of short stories Beauvoir had written decades previously but had not considered worth publishing, was released in 1980.<ref name="iep.utm.edu" />
[[File:Sartre+Beauvoir grave.JPG|right|thumb|Beauvoir's and Sartre's grave at the [[Cimetière du Montparnasse]].]]

In 1981 she wrote ''La Cérémonie des adieux'' (''A Farewell to Sartre''), a painful account of Sartre's last years. In the opening of ''Adieux'', Beauvoir notes that it is the only major published work of hers which Sartre did not read before its publication.{{cn|date=February 2024}}|

She contributed the piece "Feminism - Alive, Well, and in Constant Danger" to the 1984 anthology ''[[Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology]]'', edited by [[Robin Morgan]].<ref name="global">{{cite web |title=Table of Contents: Sisterhood is global |url=https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065459/https://catalog.vsc.edu/lscfind/Record/154795/TOC#tabnav |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=2015-10-15 |publisher=Catalog.vsc.edu}}</ref>

After Sartre died in 1980, Beauvoir published his letters to her with edits to spare the feelings of people in their circle who were still living. After Beauvoir's death, Sartre's adopted daughter and literary heir [[Arlette Elkaïm-Sartre|Arlette Elkaïm]] would not let many of Sartre's letters be published in unedited form. Most of Sartre's letters available today have Beauvoir's edits, which include a few omissions but mostly the use of pseudonyms. Beauvoir's adopted daughter and literary heir [[Sylvie Le Bon-de Beauvoir|Sylvie Le Bon]], unlike Elkaïm, published Beauvoir's unedited letters to both Sartre and Algren.

==== Sylvie Le Bon-de Beauvoir ====
[[Sylvie Le Bon-de Beauvoir]] and Simone de Beauvoir met in the 1960s, when Beauvoir was in her fifties and Sylvie was a teenager. In 1980, Beauvoir, 72, legally adopted Sylvie, who was in her late thirties, by which point they had already been in an intimate relationship for decades. Although Beauvoir rejected the institution of marriage her entire life, this adoption was like a marriage for her. Some scholars argue that this adoption was not to secure a literary heir for Beauvoir, but as a form of resistance to the bio-heteronormative family unit.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Latchford |first=Frances J. |date=2020 |title=Heterodox Love and the Girl Maverick: Simone de Beauvoir, Sylvie le Bon, and Their Confounding Family Romance |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/782290 |journal=Adoption & Culture |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=194–209 |doi=10.1353/ado.2020.0009 |s2cid=232040473 |issn=2574-2523}}</ref>

==== Death ====
Beauvoir died of [[pneumonia]] on 14 April 1986 in Paris, aged 78.<ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopędia Britannica's Guide to Women's History |url=http://www.britannica.com/women/article-9014010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213135908/http://www.britannica.com/women/article-9014010 |archive-date=13 December 2011 |access-date=2012-07-16}}</ref> She is buried next to Sartre at the [[Montparnasse Cemetery]] in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Traub |first=Courtney |date=2019-05-22 |title=Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris: Walking Paths & Famous Graves |url=https://www.parisunlocked.com/best-of-paris/parks-and-gardens/a-stroll-through-montparnasse-cemetery-in-paris/ |access-date=2021-01-02 |website=Paris Unlocked |language=en-US}}</ref> She was honored as a figure at the forefront of the struggle for women's rights around the time of her passing.<ref name="Bergoffen">{{Cite journal |last=Bergoffen |first=Debra |date=2018-07-10 |editor1-last=Zahavi |editor1-first=Dan |title=Simone de Beauvoir |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.21 |journal=Oxford Handbooks Online |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.21}}</ref>