Editing Shia Islam (section)

====Fatimid Caliphate====
[[File:El_Hakim_Mosque.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Al-Hakim Mosque]], named after [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh]] (985–1021), the 6th [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] caliph and 16th [[Isma'ilism|Ismāʿīlī]] Imam, in [[Islamic Cairo]], [[Egypt]].]]

* [[Fatimid dynasty|Fatimids]] (909–1171 CE): Controlled much of [[North Africa]], the [[Levant]], parts of [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], and the holy cities of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. The group takes its name from [[Fatima|Fāṭimah]], Muhammad's daughter, from whom they claim descent.
** In 909 CE, the Shia military leader [[Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i|Abu Abdallah al-Shiʻi]] overthrew the Sunni rulers in North Africa, an event which led to the foundation of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Worlds Together Worlds Apart |last=Pollard |first=Elizabeth |publisher=W.W. Norton Company Inc |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-393-91847-2 |location=New York |page=313}}</ref>
** [[Jawhar (general)|Al-Qaid Jawhar ibn Abdallah]] ({{langx|ar|جوهر}}; {{floruit}} 966–d. 992) was a Shia Fatimid general. Under the command of Caliph [[Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah|al-Muʻizz]], he led the conquest of [[Islamic conquest of North Africa|North Africa]] and then of [[Islamic conquest of Egypt|Egypt]],<ref>{{cite book |author1=Chodorow, Stanley |author2=Knox, MacGregor |author3=Shirokauer, Conrad |author4=Strayer, Joseph R.|author5-link=Hans W. Gatzke |author5=Gatzke, Hans W. |title= The Mainstream of Civilization |publisher= Harcourt Press |year= 1994 |page= 209 |isbn= 978-0-15-501197-7 |quote=The architect of his military system was a general named Jawhar, an islamicized Greek slave who had led the conquest of North Africa and then of Egypt}}</ref> founded the city of [[Cairo]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Fossier, Robert |author2=Sondheimer, Janet |author3=Airlie, Stuart |author4=Marsack, Robyn |title= The Cambridge illustrated history of the Middle Ages |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 1997 |page= [https://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00robe/page/170 170] |isbn= 978-0-521-26645-1 |quote= When the Sicilian Jawhar finally entered Fustat in 969 and the following year founded the new dynastic capital, Cairo, 'The Victorious', the Fatimids ... |url= https://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00robe/page/170 }}</ref> and the [[al-Azhar Mosque]]. A [[History of slavery in the Muslim world|Greek slave by origin]], he was freed by al-Muʻizz.<ref>{{cite book |author= Saunders, John Joseph |title= A History of Medieval Islam |publisher= Routledge |year= 1990 |page=133 |isbn= 978-0-415-05914-5 |quote=Under Muʼizz (955-975) the Fatimids reached the height of their glory, and the universal triumph of Isma ʻilism appeared not far distant. The fourth Fatimid Caliph is an attractive character: humane and generous, simple and just, he was a good administrator, tolerant and conciliatory. Served by one of the greatest generals of the age, Jawhar al-Rumi, a former Greek slave, he took fullest advantage of the growing confusion in the Sunnite world.}}</ref>