Editing Serial killer (section)

====Chromosomal makeup====
There have been studies looking into the possibility that an abnormality with one's [[chromosome]]s could be the trigger for serial killers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-superhuman-mind/201803/do-all-serial-killers-have-genetic-predisposition-kill|title=Do All Serial Killers Have a Genetic Predisposition to Kill? – Exploring a Complex Question|website=Psychology Today|author=Berit Brogaard, D.M.Sci., Ph.D|year=2018|access-date=September 1, 2020|archive-date=September 7, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200907221522/https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-superhuman-mind/201803/do-all-serial-killers-have-genetic-predisposition-kill|url-status=live}}</ref> Two serial killers, [[Bobby Joe Long]] and [[Richard Speck]], came to attention for reported chromosomal abnormalities. Long had an [[Klinefelter syndrome|extra X chromosome]].<ref name="speckpt">{{cite web|last1=Ramsland|first1=Katherine|title=Shame and the Serial Killer: Humiliation's influence on criminal behavior needs more attention|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shadow-boxing/201909/shame-and-the-serial-killer|access-date=September 13, 2020|publisher=Psychology Today|archive-date=January 10, 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220110004338/https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shadow-boxing/201909/shame-and-the-serial-killer|url-status=live}}</ref>  Speck was erroneously reported to have an [[XYY syndrome|extra Y chromosome]]; in fact, his [[karyotype]] was performed twice and was normal each time.<ref name="Engel 1972">{{cite journal |author=Engel, Eric |date=September 1972 |title=The making of an XYY |journal=Am J Ment Defic |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=123–7 |pmid=5081078}}</ref> While attempts have been made to link the XYY karyotype to violence, including serial murder, research has consistently found little or no association between violent criminal behaviour and an extra Y chromosome.<ref name="March of Dimes">{{cite book |editor1=Robinson, Arthur |editor2=Lubs, Herbert A. |editor3=Bergsma, Daniel |year=1979 |title=Sex chromosome aneuploidy: prospective studies on children|series=Birth defects original article series '''15''' (1) |location=New York |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Alan R. Liss]] |isbn=978-0-8451-1024-9}}
* {{cite book |editor=Stewart, Donald A. |year=1982 |title=Children with sex chromosome aneuploidy: follow-up studies |series=Birth defects original article series '''18''' (4) |location=New York |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Alan R. Liss]] |isbn=978-0-8451-1052-2}}
* {{cite book |editor1=Ratcliffe, Shirley G. |editor2=Paul, Natalie |year=1986 |title=Prospective studies on children with sex chromosome aneuploidy |series=Birth defects original article series '''22''' (3) |location=New York |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Alan R. Liss]] |isbn=978-0-8451-1062-1}}
* {{cite book |editor1=Evans, Jane A. |editor2=Hamerton, John L. |editor3=Robinson, Arthur |year=1991 |title=Children and young adults with sex chromosome aneuploidy: follow-up, clinical and molecular studies |series=Birth defects original article series '''26''' (4) |location=New York |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley-Liss]] |isbn=978-0-471-56846-9}}</ref>