Editing Second Vatican Council (section)

=== Main caucuses ===
In the very first weeks of the council proceedings, it became clear to the participants that there were two "tendencies" among the Council Fathers, those who were supporters of ''aggiornamento'' and renewal, and those who were not.{{sfn|Ricciardi|1997|p=65}}{{sfn|Raguer|1997|p=168, note 4}} The two tendencies had already appeared in the deliberations of the Central Preparatory Commission before the opening of the council.<ref>"The deliberations in the C[entral] P[reparatory] C[ommission] [...] saw the emergence of the individuals and the groups that would appear in clearly drawn formation during the Council. Among those most critical of the prepared texts were Alfrink, Döpfner, Frings, Hurley, König, Léger, Liénart, Maximos IV, Montini and Suenens. Among the defenders of the texts Browne, Lefebvre, Ottaviani, Ruffini and Siri were the most vocal." (Komonchak 1995, 304).</ref>

In addition to popes [[John XXIII]] and [[Paul VI]], these were the prominent contributors at the council:

'''Prominent Conservative Bishops at the Council'''{{sfn|O'Malley|2008|pp=108–114}}

*Cardinal [[Alfredo Ottaviani]]: secretary of the [[Holy Office]]
*Cardinal [[Michael Browne (cardinal)|Michael Browne]] {{Postnominals|list=[[Order of Preachers|OP]]}}: professor at the [[Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas|Angelicum]] and consultor for the [[Holy Office]].
*Cardinal [[Giuseppe Siri]]: archbishop of [[Genoa]], president of the Italian Bishops' Conference.
*Cardinal [[Ernesto Ruffini]]: archbishop of [[Palermo]].
*Archbishop [[Marcel Lefebvre]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Congregation of the Holy Spirit|CSSp]]}}: superior-general of the [[Congregation of the Holy Spirit]]; at the council, president of the ''[[Coetus Internationalis Patrum]]'' ("International Group of Fathers"), the bloc of conservative Council Fathers

'''Prominent Reformist Bishops at the Council'''{{sfn|O'Malley|2008|pp=114–118, 121}}

*Cardinal [[Augustin Bea]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}}: president of the [[Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity]]
*Patriarch [[Maximos IV Sayegh]]: patriarch of the [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]
*Cardinal [[Achille Liénart]]: [[bishop of Lille]] (France), the senior French bishop
*Cardinal [[Josef Frings]]: [[archbishop of Cologne]] (Germany), the senior German bishop
*Cardinal [[Bernardus Alfrink]]: [[archbishop of Utrecht]] (Netherlands), the senior Dutch bishop
*Cardinal [[Leo Jozef Suenens]]: [[archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels]] (Belgium), the senior Belgian bishop
*Cardinal [[Franz König]], [[archbishop of Vienna]] (Austria), the senior Austrian bishop
*Cardinal [[Giacomo Lercaro]]: [[archbishop of Bologna]] (Italy)
*Cardinal [[Paul-Émile Léger]]: [[archbishop of Montreal]] (Canada)
*Cardinal [[Julius Döpfner]]: [[archbishop of Munich and Freising]] (Germany)
*Archbishop [[Pietro Sfair]]: titular archbishop of Nisibis dei Maroniti (Lebanon), the senior Maronite bishop

'''Prominent reformist theologians at the Council'''{{sfn|O'Malley|2008|pp=119–120}}

*[[Marie-Dominique Chenu]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Order of Preachers|OP]]}}: private ''peritus''
*[[Henri de Lubac]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}}: official ''peritus'' 
*[[Yves Congar]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Order of Preachers|OP]]}}: official ''peritus'' 
*[[Karl Rahner]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}}: official ''peritus'' 
*[[John Courtney Murray]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}}: official ''peritus'' 
*[[Bernhard Häring]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Redemptorists|CSsR]]}}: official ''peritus'' 
*[[Edward Schillebeeckx]] {{Post-nominals|list=[[Order of Preachers|OP]]}}: private ''peritus''
*[[Joseph Ratzinger]] (later Pope Benedict XVI): official ''peritus'' 
*[[Hans Küng]]: official ''peritus''