Editing Samaritan Pentateuch (section)

==Derivative works==
===Translations===
The Samaritan [[Targum]], composed in the Samaritan variety of [[Western Aramaic]], is the earliest translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch. Its creation was motivated by the same need to translate the Pentateuch into the Aramaic language spoken by the community which led to the creation of Jewish Targums such as [[Targum Onkelos]]. Samaritans have traditionally ascribed the Targum to Nathanael, a Samaritan priest who died {{circa|20 BCE}}.<ref name="CathEncyc">{{Catholic|prescript=|wstitle=Samaritan Language and Literature}}</ref> The Samaritan Targum has a complex textual tradition represented by manuscripts belonging to one of three fundamental text types exhibiting substantial divergences from one another. Affinities that the oldest of these textual traditions share with the Dead Sea Scrolls and Onkelos suggest that the Targum may originate from the same school which finalized the Samaritan Pentateuch itself.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crown |first1=Alan David |title=Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts |date=2001 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |isbn=978-3-16-147490-3 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA18 |language=en}}</ref> Others have placed the origin of the Targum around the beginning of the third century<ref name = "CathEncyc"/> or even later.<ref>Buttrick 1952, p. 57.</ref> Extant manuscripts of the Targum are "extremely difficult to use"<ref name = "Brotzman"/> on account of scribal errors caused by a faulty understanding of Hebrew on the part of the Targum's translators and a faulty understanding of Aramaic on the part of later copyists.

[[Scholia]] of [[Origen]]'s [[Hexapla]] and the writings of some [[Church Fathers]] contain references to "the [[Samareitikon]]" ({{langx|grc|το Σαμαρειτικόν}}),<ref name = "CathEncyc"/> a work that is no longer extant. Despite earlier suggestions that it was merely a series of Greek scholia translated from the Samaritan Pentateuch,<ref name = "Fallows"/> scholars now concur that it was a complete Greek translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch either directly translated from it or via the Samaritan Targum.<ref>{{cite book|last = Marcos| first = Natalio| title = The Septuagint in Context: Introduction to the Greek Version of the Bible |publisher = Brill |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8MbvEZ4bgdwC&pg=PA168 | year = 2000 |page = 168 |isbn = 9789004115743}}</ref> It may have been composed for the use of a Greek-speaking Samaritan community residing in Egypt.<ref name = "CathEncyc"/>

With the displacement of Samaritan Aramaic by Arabic as the language of the Samaritan community in the centuries following the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant]], they employed several Arabic translations of the Pentateuch. The oldest was an adaptation of [[Saadia Gaon]]'s mid-900s ''[[Tafsir]] Rasag'' or Arabic targum of the Masoretic Text. Although the text was modified to suit the Samaritan community, it still retained many unaltered Jewish readings.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crown |first1=Alan David |title=Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts |date=2001 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |isbn=978-3-16-147490-3 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA23 |language=en}}</ref>

By the 11th or 12th century, a new Arabic translation directly based upon the Samaritan Pentateuch had appeared in [[Nablus]]. Manuscripts containing this translation are notable for their bilingual or trilingual character; the Arabic text is accompanied by the original Samaritan Hebrew in a parallel column and sometimes the Aramaic text of the Samaritan Targum in a third.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crown |first1=Alan David |title=Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts |date=2001 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |isbn=978-3-16-147490-3 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA24 |language=en}}</ref> Later Arabic translations also appeared; one featured a further Samaritan revision of Saadia Gaon's translation to bring it into greater conformity with the Samaritan Pentateuch and others were based upon Arabic Pentateuchal translations used by Christians.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crown |first1=Alan David |title=Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts |date=2001 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |isbn=978-3-16-147490-3 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5iW24esf-sC&pg=PA25 |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2013, a complete English translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch comparing it to the Masoretic version was published.<ref>{{cite book|last = Tsedaka| first = Benyamim|author2=Sharon Sullivan | title = The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version| location = Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA |publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| year = 2012| isbn = 9780802865199}}</ref>

===Exegetical and liturgical texts===
Several biblical commentaries and other theological texts based upon the Samaritan Pentateuch have been composed by members of the Samaritan community from the fourth century CE onwards.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/samaritansearlie00montuoft#page/294/mode/1up Montgomery 1907, pp. 293–297].</ref> Samaritans also employ [[liturgy|liturgical]] texts containing [[Catena (Biblical commentary)|catenae]] extracted from their Pentateuch.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/samaritansearlie00montuoft#page/297/mode/2up Montgomery 1907, pp. 297–298].</ref>