Editing Safe sex (section)

===Other forms of safe sex===
Other methods proven effective at reducing STI risks during sexual activity are:
* [[Immunization]] against certain sexually-transmitted viruses. The most common vaccines protect against [[Hepatitis B vaccine|hepatitis B]] and [[HPV vaccine|human papilloma virus (HPV)]], which can cause [[cervical cancer]], [[penile cancer]], [[oral cancer]], and [[genital warts]]. Immunization before initiation of sexual activity increases effectiveness of these vaccines. HPV vaccines are recommended for all teen girls and women as well as teen boys and men through age 26 and 21 respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/prevention/default.htm|title=Prevention - STD Information from CDC|date=2019-05-28|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>
* Limiting numbers of sexual partners, particularly casual sexual partners, or restricting sexual activity to those who know and share their STI status, can also reduce STI risks. [[Monogamy]] or [[polyfidelity]], practiced faithfully, is safe (as far as STIs are concerned) when all partners are non-infected. However, a number of monogamous people have been infected with sexually transmitted infections by partners who are [[Adultery|sexually unfaithful]], have used injection drugs, or were infected by previous sexual partners. The same risks apply to polyfidelitous people, who face higher risks depending on how many people are in the polyfidelitous group.
* [[Communication]] with sexual partners about sexual history and STI status, preferred safe sex practices, and acceptable risks for partnered sexual activities.
* Engaging in less-risky sexual activities. In general, solo sexual activities are less risky than partnered activities. Sexual penetration of orifices (mouth, vagina, anus) and sharing body fluids (such as semen, blood, vaginal fluids, and rectal mucus) between sexual partners carry the most risk for STIs.
* Regular STI testing and treatment, especially by those who are sexually active with more than one casual sexual partner.<ref name=Kahn>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kahn JO, Walker BD | title = Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 339 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–9 | date = July 1998 | pmid = 9647878 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199807023390107 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11187417">{{cite journal | vauthors = Daar ES, Little S, Pitt J, Santangelo J, Ho P, Harawa N, Kerndt P, Glorgi JV, Bai J, Gaut P, Richman DD, Mandel S, Nichols S | display-authors = 6 | title = Diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection. Los Angeles County Primary HIV Infection Recruitment Network | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 134 | issue = 1 | pages = 25–9 | date = January 2001 | pmid = 11187417 | doi = 10.7326/0003-4819-134-1-200101020-00010 | s2cid = 34714025 | first14 = Network }}</ref> It is possible to attain and show proof of STD-free-verification through [[online dating services|online dating apps]] and websites.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.sheknows.com/health-and-wellness/articles/985207/app-for-finding-out-std-status/| title = Do you know his STD status? There's an app for that| date = 3 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://medcitynews.com/2016/01/tinder-healthvana-std/| title = Tinder adds link to healthvana for STD-checking purposes| date = 22 January 2016}}</ref>
* [[Circumcision and HIV|Penile circumcision]]. Some research suggests that circumcising (removing) the foreskin of the penis can reduce the risk of contracting HIV.<ref>{{cite web | title = Circumcision (male) | publisher = Mayo Clinic | url = https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/circumcision/about/pac-20393550 | access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6502855.stm |title=WHO agrees HIV circumcision plan  |access-date=12 July 2008 |work=BBC World News |publisher=BBC |date=3 March 2007 }}</ref> Some advocacy groups dispute these findings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.circumstitions.com/HIV-SA.html|title=Circumcision and HIV - the Randomised Controlled Trials|website=www.circumstitions.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgmbill.org/aids.htm|title=Circumcision and AIDS<!-- Bot generated title -->|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723220755/http://mgmbill.org/aids.htm|archive-date=23 July 2008}}</ref>