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Sabra and Shatila massacre
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==Number of victims== [[File:SabraShatilaMemorial.jpg|thumb|Memorial in Sabra, South Beirut]] * [[Palestinian Red Crescent]] estimated that over 2,000 had been killed. 1,200 death certificates were issued to anyone who produced three witnesses claiming a family member disappeared during the time of the massacre.{{sfn|Schiff|Ya'ari|1985|p=[https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa00zeev/page/282 282]}} * [[Bayan Nuwayhed|Bayan Nuwayhed al-Hout]] in her ''Sabra and Shatila: September 1982'' gives a minimum consisting of 1,300 named victims based on detailed comparison of 17 victim lists and other supporting evidence, and estimates an even higher total of 3500.{{sfn|Nuwayhed al-Hout|2004|p=296}} * [[Robert Fisk]] wrote, "After three days of rape, fighting and brutal executions, militias finally leave the camps with 1,700 dead".<ref>{{cite news |last=Fisk |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Fisk |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-forgotten-massacre-8139930.html |title=The forgotten massacre |work=[[The Independent]] |date=15 September 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608212929/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-forgotten-massacre-8139930.html |archive-date=8 June 2024}}</ref> * In his book published soon after the massacre, the Israeli journalist [[Amnon Kapeliouk]] of ''[[Le Monde Diplomatique]]'', arrived at about 2,000 bodies disposed of after the massacre from official and Red Cross sources and "very roughly" estimated 1,000 to 1,500 other victims disposed of by the Phalangists themselves to a total of 3,000–3,500.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapeliouk |first=Amnon |author-link=Amnon Kapeliouk |title=Enquête sur un massacre: Sabra et Chatila |language=fr |trans-title=Investigation into a massacre: Sabra and Shatila |publisher=Seuil |year=1982 |isbn=2-02-006391-3 |translator-first=Khalil |translator-last=Jehshan |url=http://www.geocities.com/indictsharon/Kapeliouk.doc |access-date=15 July 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207230421/http://www.geocities.com/indictsharon/Kapeliouk.doc |archive-date=7 February 2006}}</ref> * The Lebanese army's chief prosecutor, Assad Germanos, investigated the killings, but following orders from above, did not summon Lebanese witnesses. Also Palestinian survivors from the camps were afraid to testify, and Phalangist fighters were expressly forbidden to give testimony.<ref>{{cite web|title= Lebanon's Massacre Inquiry: Few Answers After 4 Months|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/30/world/lebanon-s-massacre-inquiry-few-answers-after-4-months.html|work=The New York Times|last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |author-link=Thomas Friedman|date=30 January 1983}}</ref> Germanos' report concluded that 460 people had been killed (including 15 women and 20 children.)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Denton |first1=Herbert H. |title=Lebanese Inquiry Said to Blame Israel for Massacre in Camps |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/06/21/lebanese-inquiry-said-to-blame-israel-for-massacre-in-camps/f4646645-80a8-4fc5-a0ab-efbcd8c6c6ac/ |access-date=February 4, 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 21, 1983 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828093041/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/06/21/lebanese-inquiry-said-to-blame-israel-for-massacre-in-camps/f4646645-80a8-4fc5-a0ab-efbcd8c6c6ac/ |archive-date=August 28, 2017 |quote=The inquiry reportedly determined that there had been 460 victims of the 48-hour massacre and lists the names of 269 Palestinians, 119 Lebanese, 11 Syrians, 32 Pakistanis or Iranians, two Egyptians, two Algerians and 25 unidentified persons.}}</ref> * Israeli intelligence estimated 700–800 dead.<ref>{{cite web|title=Violence de masse et Résistance - Réseau de recherche|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/sabra-and-chatila.html|last=Aude|first=Signoles|date=14 March 2008|work=Sciences Pro}}</ref>
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