Editing Rosendale (CDP), New York (section)

== Geography and geology ==
[[File:Rosendale Village quadrangle crop.jpg|thumb|right|A 1980 [[topographic map]] of Rosendale Village]]
Rosendale Village has a total area of {{convert|1.959|mi2|2}}, of which {{convert|1.904|mi2|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.055|mi2|km2}} is water.<ref name="2010 Census Gazetteer">{{cite web | url= https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_36.txt | title= Places: New York | work = 2017 Census Gazetteer Files | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date = 15 January 2018 }}</ref> The former village is located at the center of the town of Rosendale, and is "situated on the [former Delaware and Hudson] canal and [[Rondout Creek]]",{{sfn|Sylvester|1880|p=232}} about {{convert|2+3/4|mi|km}} north of the creek's [[confluence]] with the [[Wallkill River]].<ref name="rosendale-water" /> The highest recorded [[Crest (hydrology)|crest]] of the Rondout Creek in Rosendale was {{convert|26.5|ft|m}} on October&nbsp;16, 1955. The creek does not normally rise above {{convert|10|ft|m}}, but overflows its [[Bank (geography)|banks]] after reaching {{convert|18|ft|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?wfo=aly&gage=rosn6&view=1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 |title=Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service: Albany: Rondout Creek at Rosendale |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=2011-02-14}}</ref> The hamlet's [[ZIP code]] is 12472 and it is in [[area code 845]].<ref name="eminent-domain">{{Cite news |url=http://www.dailyfreeman.com/articles/2003/07/06/regional%20news/9291666.txt |title=Rosendale wants views on land take |newspaper=[[Daily Freeman]] |location=Kingston, NY |date=2003-07-06 |access-date=2011-02-13 |first=Dawn |last=Letus |archive-date=April 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402033538/http://www.dailyfreeman.com/articles/2003/07/06/regional%20news/9291666.txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rosendale Village is bordered by the creek and by the {{convert|495|ft|m|adj=on}}{{sfn|Gilchrist|1976|p=5}} Joppenbergh Mountain.<ref name="Wallis">{{Cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980CE4DC1031F933A25751C1A9629C8B63 |title=Rosendale, N.Y. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2004-12-10 |access-date=2011-02-12 |first=David |last=Wallis}}</ref> It is traversed by state routes [[New York State Route 32|NY&nbsp;32]] and [[New York State Route 213|NY&nbsp;213]]. The former village is {{convert|2|mi|km}} east of the hamlet of High Falls, {{convert|6|mi|km}} north of the [[New Paltz (village), New York|village of New Paltz]],{{sfn|Perls|2003|p=293}} and {{convert|8|mi|km}} south of the [[Kingston, New York|city of Kingston]].<ref name="rosendale-water">{{Cite news |url=http://news.hrvh.org/cgi-bin/newshrvh?a=d&d=kingstondaily19120510.2.41 |title=Rosendale Water Supply Is Good |newspaper=[[Daily Freeman]] |location=Kingston, NY |date=1912-05-10 |access-date=2011-02-27}}</ref>

Rosendale is underlain by a [[shale]] [[Geological unit|member]] of the [[Martinburg Formation]] called Martinburg shale, deposited as early as 500 million years ago; Martinburg shale also lines the bottom of the Rondout Creek as it flows through the town. A [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] of the [[Shawangunk Formation]] was deposited over the Martinburg layer approximately 425 million years ago. The conglomerate is in turn covered by [[High Falls Shale]], a reddish shale formed by [[Mudflat|mud flats]]. Subsequent streams left a layer of gray [[Binnewater Sandstone]] above the shale.{{sfn|Gilchrist|1976|p=1}} After the [[sandstone]] was deposited, the region experienced [[Disturbance (geology)|folding and faulting]], and was submerged in a shallow sea. This allowed the creation of [[fossiliferous limestone]] roughly 390 million years ago, specifically the [[Rondout Formation]] and [[New Scotland Formation]].{{sfn|Gilchrist|1976|p=2}} The Rondout Formation's [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]] member, formed during the upper [[Silurian]],<ref name="catskills-live" /> was mined throughout the village because of its ability to form natural cement.{{sfn|Gilchrist|1976|p=48}} The region experienced repeated [[Glacial period|glaciation]], and large amounts of [[till]] and [[alluvium]] were deposited during the [[Wisconsonian glaciation]].{{sfn|Gilchrist|1976|p=5}}