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===20th century=== Rochester's thriving shoe industry in the early twentieth century attracted entrepreneurs from out of state. In 1930 Samuel J. Katz of [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], incorporated the Hubbard Shoe Company and commenced operations in N. B. Thayer & Company's factory on Pleasant Street in East Rochester before the end of the year. By 1931 the firm had also taken over the Linscott, Tyler, Wilson factory off Wakefield Street in Rochester, which it purchased outright in May 1932.<ref>''Rochester Courier'', November 21, 1930, and May 20, 1932.</ref> At its peak, the Hubbard Shoe Company employed about four hundred people in East Rochester making men's shoes and five hundred in Rochester making women's shoes, with a total annual payroll of $3 million and total annual output of 2.5 million shoes.<ref name=Shoemaking>Martha Fowler, "The history of shoemaking in Rochester: The 20th century", ''Foster's Daily Democrat'', May 28, 2009 http://www.fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090528/GJCOMMUNITY04/705289853/0/SEARCH</ref> In 1934 the Maybury Shoe Company began operations on the former E.G. & E. Wallace site on South Main Street. Both firms survived the Great Depression, providing steady jobs for hundreds of Rochester citizens, and converted to a wartime footing during World War Two, but were unable to compete against the flood of cheap foreign imports in the 1970s. Hubbard Shoe Company went out of business in 1973, and Maybury Shoe closed in the mid-1970s.<ref name=Shoemaking/><ref>United States Tariff Commission. ''Footwear for Men and Women: Hubbard Shoe Co., Inc. Rochester, N.H. Report to the President on Worker Investigation No. TEA-W-202 under Section 301(c)(2) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962''. Washington, D.C. TC Publication 598, August 1973, p. 4. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112105136904;view=1up;seq=1</ref> Samuel Katz's son Saul, however, went on to found the profitable [[Rockport (company)|Rockport Shoe Company]] with his son, Bruce R. Katz.<ref>''Boston Globe'' obituary, August 12, 2012 https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/obituaries/2012/08/11/saul-katz-hubbard-shoe-executive-reinvented-himself-with-rockport-brand/IjAGbAnGnh4Y9x0Ou8q2zJ/story.html</ref><ref>James A. Phills Jr., "The Rockport Shoe Company: The Evolution of the Katz Family Business", in Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Barry A. Stein, and Todd D. Jick, ''The Challenge of Organizational Change: How Companies Experience It and Leaders Guide It'' (New York: Free Press, 1992), p. 69.</ref> Rochester passed out of the [[silent film]] era on May 20, 1929, with the arrival of the first talking motion picture in the city, titled ''[[The Wild Party (1929 film)|The Wild Party]]'', starring [[Clara Bow]]. The movie was shown at the Scenic Theater. The evening admission price was 35 cents for adults and 15 cents for children. A ''Rochester Courier'' article from October 1930 described a new indoor golf course: <blockquote> '''INDOOR GOLF COURSE TO BE OPENED ON SATURDAY'''<br> ''The Leavitt Theatre Property Transformed Inside Into a Bower of Beauty'' - Rochester is to have an [[indoor golf]] course, which, it is said, will be second to none, in beauty and attractiveness, this side of New York. Fred Couture, proprietor of the Scenic theatre, who a few months since purchased the Leavitt theatre on South Main Street, has been laying out a small fortune in fitting it up on the ground floor for such use. This building was formerly the residence of the Hon. Summer Wallace and was one of the most beautiful mansions in New Hampshire. Despite the way in which the outside was altered to make the theatre, much of the magnificent paneling inside has been preserved. It was a foundation for an unusual setting for indoor golf. A large force of workers has been engaged in recent weeks, working in relays, and this week six scene painters are decorating the walls and ceilings. There are to be an Egyptian room, a Japanese room, an Indian room and a Dutch room. The walls of each are adorned with appropriate paintings to form a picture of any particular land represented. The Dutch room, for example, not only has the paintings of the canals and dikes but an actual windmill revolving. In the Indian room are pictures of forests and streams, with an Indian paddling a canoe. There is a real waterfall too, with the water flowing down over actual rocks into a series of three basins, with a pool for goldfish at the bottom. One room represents the seashore, the entire wall being one huge painting of the ocean, with a real light house perched up on a promontory, with a light shedding forth its rays. There is also a garden room with a profusion of flowers. There are various rest rooms and seats in plenty everywhere for the onlookers or tired players. All the floors will be covered with artificial grass. In a conspicuous place is a great pile of stones, with a fountain at the top, out of which a tiny stream trickles down over the rocks in various small channels and little pools. Ferns grow on its sides. There are also in various places tree trunks, some birch with their white bark and other varieties. There will be eighteen holes to the golf course, with various traps and some mysteries. The whole place is certainly a wonderful representation of the great out-of-doors and a veritable dream of loveliness. The grand opening is set for Saturday evening at 6:00, when Mayor Louis H. McDuffee will press the button and turn on the lights.<ref> {{Cite news | title = INDOOR GOLF COURSE TO BE OPENED SATURDAY | newspaper = Rochester Courier | location = Rochester, New Hampshire | date = October 3, 1930 | url = http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/county/niagara/news/nh/rochester10031930.html | access-date = June 11, 2010}}</ref></blockquote>
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