Editing Redlining (section)

===Racial covenants: current efforts===

While racist covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CCRs) were ruled "unenforceable" by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark 1948 case Shelley v. Kraemer, this decision did not make them illegal; it only prevented courts from enforcing them. It was not until the passage of the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 that such discriminatory practices were explicitly outlawed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mapping Racist Covenants |url=https://mappingracistcovenants.org/ |website=Mapping Racist Covenants}}</ref>

;State-Level Legislation
* California: AB 1466, passed in 2021, requires county recorders to identify and redact discriminatory covenants from property records. This builds on earlier legislation that allowed homeowners to request the removal of such language.<ref>{{cite web |title=Restrictive Covenant Modification |url=https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/administrative-support-and-fiscal-services/clerk-recorder-assessor-registrar-of-voters/clerk-recorder/recorder-services/restrictive-covenant-modification |website=sonomacounty.ca.gov |language=en-us}}</ref>
* Washington: The state passed a law in 2021 that requires all real estate documents to be free from racially restrictive covenants and provides a process for property owners to have them removed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Racial covenants, a relic of the past, are still on the books across the country |url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/racial-covenants-a-relic-of-the-past-are-still-on-the-books-across-the-country/344b0dab-c079-4e99-b7d4-ca836d40b9bf |website=WBEZ Chicago |language=en |date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
* Minnesota: The Minnesota Legislature passed a law in 2019 that enables homeowners to remove racial covenants from their property deeds through a simple process. This law was heavily influenced by the [[Mapping Prejudice]] project, which has mapped and documented racial covenants in the Twin Cities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geography of Race and Place {{!}} Inclusive Economic Development Lab |url=https://iedl.yale.edu/geography-race-and-place |website=iedl.yale.edu}}</ref>

;Public awareness and education
* Historical Research and Documentation: Projects like [[Mapping Prejudice]] in Minneapolis and the [[Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project]] have worked to document and publicize the extent of racial covenants, raising awareness about their historical impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mapping prejudice: A painful part of Minneapolis history |url=https://twin-cities.umn.edu/news-events/mapping-prejudice-painful-part-minneapolis-history |website=University of Minnesota |language=en |date=5 June 2020}}</ref>

;Digital archives and databases
Universities and nonprofits are creating searchable databases of racial covenants to help homeowners and researchers access information about these restrictive clauses.
* One resource is the Mapping Inequality: Redlining in New Deal America project, a collaborative effort involving the University of Richmond, Virginia Tech, and others. This project focuses on the maps and area descriptions produced by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s. It provides digitized HOLC maps showing redlined areas, detailed descriptions, and analyses of the impact of these practices on urban development. Mapping Inequality helps provide historical context for understanding the systemic nature of housing discrimination.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mapping Inequality |url=https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/ |website=dsl.richmond.edu |language=en}}</ref>
* The Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project at the University of Washington includes a comprehensive collection of documents related to racial covenants in Seattle. This project offers historical maps, property records, and oral histories documenting the experiences of affected communities. It supports educational initiatives and helps inform public policy on housing equity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project |url=http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/index.htm |website=depts.washington.edu}}</ref>
* Redlining Louisville: Racial Capitalism and Real Estate, a project by the Louisville Metro Government, offers an interactive map showing the impact of redlining and racial covenants. It includes maps, narratives, and data sets that illustrate the long-term effects of these discriminatory practices.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Poe |first1=Joshua |title=Redlining Louisville: Racial Capitalism and Real Estate |url=https://sacred.omeka.net/items/show/310 |website=sacred.omeka.net}}</ref>