Editing Reciprocal altruism (section)

=== Bacteria ===
Numerous species of bacteria engage in reciprocal altruistic behaviors with other species. Typically, this takes the form of bacteria providing essential nutrients for another species, while the other species provides an environment for the bacteria to live in. Reciprocal altruism is exhibited between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants in which they reside. Additionally, it can be observed between bacteria and some species of flies such as ''[[Bactrocera tryoni]]''. These flies consume nutrient-producing bacteria found on the leaves of plants; in exchange, they reside within the flies' digestive system.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Clarke|first1=A.R.|last2=Powell|first2=K.S.|last3=Weldon|first3=C.W.|last4=Taylor|first4=P.W.|date=2010-11-02|title=The ecology of ''Bactrocera tryoni'' (Diptera: Tephritidae): what do we know to assist pest management?|journal=Annals of Applied Biology|volume=158|issue=1|pages=26–54|doi=10.1111/j.1744-7348.2010.00448.x|issn=0003-4746|url=https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40107/1/c40107.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104094758/http://eprints.qut.edu.au/40107/1/c40107.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-04 |url-status=live|hdl=10019.1/122744|hdl-access=free}}</ref> This reciprocal altruistic behavior has been exploited by techniques designed to eliminate ''B. tryoni'', which are fruit fly pests native to Australia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bateman|first=MA|date=1967|title=Adaptations to temperature in geographic races of the Queensland fruit fly ''Dacus (Strumenta) tryoni'' |journal=Australian Journal of Zoology|volume=15|issue=6|pages=1141|doi=10.1071/zo9671141|issn=0004-959X}}</ref>